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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Confusion over Multi Threading Post 302930767 by jimthompson on Wednesday 7th of January 2015 06:17:25 AM
Old 01-07-2015
Confusion over Multi Threading

Hi, I am trying to get my head round Multi Threading and I have a few queries to try and clear up my confusion

Q1. Is multi threading a hardware / chip level concept, an OS level or an application level concept ? I am trying to work out where SMT architecture fits in.

Q2. What's the multi threading position in relation to Unix, Linux and Windows ?

Q3. Is multi threading only in relation to application processes or is it for OS processes as well ? I am trying to differentiate multi threading from the older CPU concepts of timeslicing, round robin etc

My understanding is that you can have multi processing systems which switch between or execute processes in parallel. However multi threading takes this a step further in that a process can be broken down into threads and the processor execute the individual threads ( again via switching or parallel depending on the number of processors / cores you have )

Q4. Are processors therefore specifically designed either to execute full processes, threads or both ? Can a single processor execute a mix of full processes and threads ? i.e. does a processor operate only at either a process level or a thread level ?

Q5. What's the difference between a single processor with multi cores and a multi processor with single core processors ?

Q6. Are most modern processors today, multi thread capable processors ( or is it the OS which determines this ). Does the processor have to be specifically set to multi threading ?

any help greatly appreciated
Jim
 

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hostinfo(8)						    BSD System Manager's Manual 					       hostinfo(8)

NAME
hostinfo -- host information SYNOPSIS
hostinfo DESCRIPTION
The hostinfo command displays information about the host system on which the command is executing. The output includes a kernel version description, processor configuration data, available physical memory, and various scheduling statistics. OPTIONS
There are no options. DISPLAY
Mach kernel version: The version string compiled into the kernel executing on the host system. Processor Configuration: The maximum possible processors for which the kernel is configured, followed by the number of physical and logical processors avail- able. Note: on Intel architectures, physical processors are referred to as cores, and logical processors are referred to as hardware threads; there may be multiple logical processors per core and multiple cores per processor package. This command does not report the number of processor packages. Processor type: The host's processor type and subtype. Processor active: A list of active processors on the host system. Active processors are members of a processor set and are ready to dispatch threads. On a single processor system, the active processor, is processor 0. Primary memory available: The amount of physical memory that is configured for use on the host system. Default processor set: Displays the number of tasks currently assigned to the host processor set, the number of threads currently assigned to the host proces- sor set, and the number of processors included in the host processor set. Load average: Measures the average number of threads in the run queue. Mach factor: A variant of the load average which measures the processing resources available to a new thread. Mach factor is based on the number of CPUs divided by (1 + the number of runnablethreads) or the number of CPUs minus the number of runnable threads when the number of runnable threads is less than the number of CPUs. The closer the Mach factor value is to zero, the higher the load. On an idle system with a fixed number of active processors, the mach factor will be equal to the number of CPUs. SEE ALSO
sysctl(8) Mac OS X October 30, 2003 Mac OS X
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