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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Confusion over Multi Threading Post 302930767 by jimthompson on Wednesday 7th of January 2015 06:17:25 AM
Old 01-07-2015
Confusion over Multi Threading

Hi, I am trying to get my head round Multi Threading and I have a few queries to try and clear up my confusion

Q1. Is multi threading a hardware / chip level concept, an OS level or an application level concept ? I am trying to work out where SMT architecture fits in.

Q2. What's the multi threading position in relation to Unix, Linux and Windows ?

Q3. Is multi threading only in relation to application processes or is it for OS processes as well ? I am trying to differentiate multi threading from the older CPU concepts of timeslicing, round robin etc

My understanding is that you can have multi processing systems which switch between or execute processes in parallel. However multi threading takes this a step further in that a process can be broken down into threads and the processor execute the individual threads ( again via switching or parallel depending on the number of processors / cores you have )

Q4. Are processors therefore specifically designed either to execute full processes, threads or both ? Can a single processor execute a mix of full processes and threads ? i.e. does a processor operate only at either a process level or a thread level ?

Q5. What's the difference between a single processor with multi cores and a multi processor with single core processors ?

Q6. Are most modern processors today, multi thread capable processors ( or is it the OS which determines this ). Does the processor have to be specifically set to multi threading ?

any help greatly appreciated
Jim
 

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PTHREAD_BARRIERATTR(3)					   BSD Library Functions Manual 				    PTHREAD_BARRIERATTR(3)

NAME
pthread_barrierattr_destroy, pthread_barrierattr_getpshared, pthread_barrierattr_init, pthread_barrierattr_setpshared -- manipulate a barrier attribute object LIBRARY
POSIX Threads Library (libpthread, -lpthread) SYNOPSIS
#include <pthread.h> int pthread_barrierattr_destroy(pthread_barrierattr_t *attr); int pthread_barrierattr_getpshared(const pthread_barrierattr_t *attr, int *pshared); int pthread_barrierattr_init(pthread_barrierattr_t *attr); int pthread_barrierattr_setpshared(pthread_barrierattr_t *attr, int pshared); DESCRIPTION
The pthread_barrierattr_init() function will initialize attr with default attributes. The pthread_barrierattr_destroy() function will destroy attr and release any resources that may have been allocated on its behalf. The pthread_barrierattr_getpshared() function will put the value of the process-shared attribute from attr into the memory area pointed to by pshared. The pthread_barrierattr_setpshared() function will set the process-shared attribute of attr to the value specified in pshared. The argument pshared may have one of the following values: PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE The barrier object it is attached to may only be accessed by threads in the same process as the one that created the object. PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED The barrier object it is attached to may be accessed by threads in processes other than the one that created the object. RETURN VALUES
If successful, all these functions will return zero. Otherwise, an error number will be returned to indicate the error. None of these functions will return EINTR. ERRORS
The pthread_barrierattr_destroy(), pthread_barrierattr_getpshared() and pthread_barrierattr_setpshared() functions may fail if: [EINVAL] The value specified by attr is invalid. The pthread_barrierattr_init() function will fail if: [ENOMEM] Insufficient memory to initialize the barrier attribute object attr. The pthread_barrierattr_setpshared() function will fail if: [EINVAL] The value specified in pshared is not one of the allowed values. SEE ALSO
pthread_barrier_destroy(3), pthread_barrier_init(3), pthread_barrier_wait(3) HISTORY
The pthread_barrierattr_*() functions first appeared in N:M Threading Library (libkse, -lkse) in FreeBSD 5.2, and in 1:1 Threading Library (libthr, -lthr) in FreeBSD 5.3. BUGS
The implementation of barriers does not fully conform to IEEE Std 1003.2 (``POSIX.2'') because the process-shared attribute is ignored in 1:1 Threading Library (libthr, -lthr), and in N:M Threading Library (libkse, -lkse); if any value other than PTHREAD_PROCESSES_PRIVATE is speci- fied in a call to pthread_barrierattr_setpshared(), it will return EINVAL. BSD
February 19, 2004 BSD
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