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Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Suppress new line at end here string? Post 302913032 by Don Cragun on Wednesday 13th of August 2014 12:12:54 PM
Old 08-13-2014
Quote:
Originally Posted by RudiC
I don't think they're quirky. bash expands the here string's variable into a temp text file and redirects stdin (FD 0 below) thereto:
Code:
COMMAND  PID    USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF   NODE NAME
bash    2655 localusr  0r    REG    8,4       16 390451 /tmp/sh-thd-155296093133582787 (deleted)

Any text file is terminated by a <NL> char, which is read into your "a" variable as well and treated/printed out (maybe converted to a NULL char by the shell)
The read built-in always strips the trailing <newline> character from lines it reads.

If read didn't work this way, the common sequence:
Code:
while read line
do      echo "$line"
done < file

(a dangerous way to implement cat file as a shell script) would double-space all of its output.

Similarly command substitution (both `commnd` and $(command)) strips trailing <newline> characters if one or more are present. Try, for example:
Code:
printf "%s" "$(printf "abc\n\n")"|od -c

which produces the output:
Code:
0000000    a   b   c                                                    
0000003

 

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TSI(5)								File Formats Manual							    TSI(5)

NAME
tsi - Transmission Subscriber Identification (TSI) access control list DESCRIPTION
The HylaFAX configuration parameter QualifyTSI specifies whether or not the identity of a calling facsimile machine should be checked against an access control list before receiving facsimile. If QualifyTSI is non-null, then only messages from facsimile machines identi- fied in the file specified by the string (typically etc/tsi) will be accepted. Patterns are specified one per line and must conform to the regular expressions syntax specified by POSIX 1003.2; see re_format(7). Com- ments may be included; they are introduced with the ``#'' character and extend to the end of the line. Any trailing white space on a line is ignored (for convenience when comments are used). If a line begins with ``!'', then the regular expression identifies clients that should be rejected; otherwise regular expressions identify clients whose transmissions should be accepted. The order of patterns in a TSI file is important. When a facsimile is to be received, the fax server will compare the client's TSI against the patterns in the access control list in the order in which they appear in the file. The first pattern that matches the client TSI is used to decide whether to accept or reject the facsimile. If no patterns match the client TSI then the facsimile is rejected. Thus if you want to accept all but a restricted set of TSI the last line in the file should be ``^.*$''. Note that regular expression patterns should be written to match a TSI exactly. That is, patterns should be of the form: ^<pattern>$ where the ``^'' and ``$'' characters are used to specify the start and end of the matching TSI. Additionally, regular expression patterns should handle white space that may appear in known locations. For example, ^([+]1){1}[ .-]*415[ .-]*555[ .-]*1212.*$ matches the following TSI strings: +1.415.555.1212 415 555 1212 1-415-555-1212 Finally, note that regular expressions can be used to specify many TSI with one pattern. NOTES
It would be nice if TSI that were to be matched against were placed in some canonical form (e.g. remove white space and white space-like characters). This is, however, problematic, because some facsimile machines permit any printable ASCII string to be sent as a TSI. SEE ALSO
faxgetty(8), re_format(7), hylafax-config(5) December 5, 1994 TSI(5)
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