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Full Discussion: Serial Lines Explained
Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Serial Lines Explained Post 302912179 by edfair on Wednesday 6th of August 2014 11:32:31 AM
Old 08-06-2014
Since most serial communications is via a UART this might help with the data transfer part:
Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The UART voltage swings are between 0 and 5 volts. This signal is inverted and expanded to higher voltages by line drivers for transmission and inverted again and reduced to 0/5 swings by line receivers on the receiving end.

The transmitted signal starts degrading immediately and at higher transmission speeds it can be expected to be useless beyond 50 feet due to RC effects. (with a scope you would see rounding of what started as sharp shapes of voltage transitions)
 

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tccontrol(3C)															     tccontrol(3C)

NAME
tcsendbreak(), tcdrain(), tcflush(), tcflow() - tty line control functions SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
If the terminal is using asynchronous serial data transmission, causes transmission of a continuous stream of zero-valued bits for a spe- cific duration. If duration is zero, it causes transmission of zero-valued bits for at least 0.25 seconds, but not more than 0.5 seconds. If duration is not zero, zero-valued bits are not transmitted. waits until all output written to fildes has been transmitted. discards data written to fildes but not transmitted, or data received but not read, depending on the value of queue_selector: o If queue_selector is data received but not read is flushed. o If queue_selector is data written but not transmitted is flushed. o If queue_selector is both data received but not read, and data written but not transmitted is flushed. suspends transmission of data to fildes or reception of data from fildes, depending on the value of action: o If action is output is suspended. o If action is suspended output is restarted. o If action is a STOP character is transmitted which is intended to cause the terminal to stop transmitting data to the system. o If action is a START character is transmitted which is intended to cause the terminal to start transmitting data to the system. RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, a value of zero is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and is set to indicate the error. ERRORS
These functions fail if one or more of the following is true: [EBADF] fildes is not a valid file descriptor. [EINTR] A signal was received during [EINVAL] The queue_selector or the action argument is not a proper value. [ENOTTY] The file associated with fildes is not a terminal. SEE ALSO
tcattribute(3C), tccontrol(3C), thread_safety(5), termio(7). STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
tccontrol(3C)
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