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Top Forums UNIX for Advanced & Expert Users Memory fragmentation in a Linux settop box Post 302908559 by jim mcnamara on Tuesday 8th of July 2014 03:52:08 PM
Old 07-08-2014
Does your app request physically contiguous pages of heap memory for cache? - Oracle does that. This triggers the onset of heap (memory) fragmentation especially quickly in a NUMA environment - i.e., most modern commodity cpus. Multicore x86, for example. It also causes system performance problems, by requiring the core to access memory increasingly inefficiently, all the way across the bridge via another core.

This article discusses ways to invoke memory compaction, and among other things, deals with memory fragmentation. It may not help if your app does something verging on the unreasonable like the oracle db engine does. Also note: java apps that use huge heap sizes may force the jvm to reallocate memory and cause memory fragmentation for the same reason oracle does. Usually this is controllable with java parameter settings for max jvm heap size.

Memory compaction [LWN.net]
 

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measurefs.reiser4(8)						reiser4progs manual					      measurefs.reiser4(8)

NAME
measurefs.reiser4 - the program for measuring reiser4 filesystem parameters (fragmentation, node packing, etc.). SYNOPSIS
measurefs.reiser4 [ options ] FILE DESCRIPTION
measurefs.reiser4 is reiser4 filesystem measure program. You can estimate reiser4 filesystem fragmentation, packingm etc. structures by using it. COMMON OPTIONS
-V, --version prints program version. -?, -h, --help prints program help. -y, --yes assumes an answer 'yes' to all questions. -f, --force forces measurefs to use whole disk, not block device or mounted partition. -c, --cache N sets tree cache node number to passed value. This affects very much behavior of libreiser4. It affects speed, tree allocation, etc. MEASUREMENT OPTIONS
-S, --tree-stat shows different tree statistics (node packing, internal nodes, leaves, etc) -T, --tree-frag measures total tree fragmentation. The result is fragmentation factor - value from 0.00000 (minimal fragmentation) to 1.00000 (maxi- mal one). Most probably, this factor may affect sequential read performance. -D, --data-frag measures average files fragmentation. This means, that fragmentation of each file in filesystem will be measured separately and results will be averaged. The result is fragmentation factor - value from 0.00000 (minimal fragmentation) to 1.00000 (maximal one). Note, that for the fresh filesystem (created not very long time ago) and even fully filled by data, this value will be pretty small. -F, --file-frag FILE measures fragmentation of the specified file. The result is fragmentation factor - value from 0.00000 (minimal fragmentation) to 1.00000 (maximal one). Note, that fragmentation of a small file (depends of used tail policy), which consists of tail items, is not very reliable value. That is because, they is always afoot due to balancing. Examples: measurefs.reiser4 -F /usr/bin /dev/hda2 measurefs.reiser4 -F /bin/bash /dev/hda2 -E, --show-file show file fragmentation for each file if --data-frag is specified. PLUGIN OPTIONS
-p, --print-profile prints the plugin profile. This is the set of default plugins used for all parts of a filesystem -- format, nodes, files, directo- ries, hashes, etc. If --override is specified, then prints modified plugins. -l, --print-plugins prints all plugins libreiser4 know about. -o, --override TYPE=PLUGIN, ... overrides the default plugin of the type "TYPE" by the plugin "PLUGIN" in the plugin profile. Examples: measurefs.reiser4 -o nodeptr=nodeptr41,hash=rupasov_hash /dev/hda2 REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org> SEE ALSO
debugfs.reiser4(8), mkfs.reiser4(8), fsck.reiser4(8) AUTHOR
This manual page was written by Yury Umanets <umka@namesys.com> reiser4progs 28 Apr, 2003 measurefs.reiser4(8)
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