srec_motorola(5)						File Formats Manual						  srec_motorola(5)

NAME

       srec_motorola - Motorola S-Record hexadecimal file format

DESCRIPTION

       This format is also known as the Exorciser, Exormacs or Exormax format.

       Motorola's  S-record  format allows binary files to be uploaded and downloaded between two computer systems.  This type of format is widely
       used when transferring programs and data between a computer system (such as a PC, Macintosh, or workstation) and an emulator or	evaluation
       board for Motorola microcontrollers and microprocessors.

   The Lines
       Most  S-Record file contain only S-Record lines (see the next section), which always start with a capital S character.  Some systems gener-
       ate various "extensions[rq] which usually manifest as lines which start with something else.  These "extension[rq] lines  may  or  may  not
       break other systems made by other vendors.  Caveat emptor.

   The Fields
       The  S-Record  format consists of 5 fields. These are the type field, length field, address field, data field, and the checksum.  The lines
       always start with a capital S character.

						 +--+------+---------------+---------+------+----------+
						 |S | Type | Record Length | Address | Data | Checksum |
						 +--+------+---------------+---------+------+----------+
       Type    The type field is a 1 character field that specifies whether the record is an S0, S1, S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8 or S9 field.

       Record Length
	       The record length field is a 2 character (1 byte) field that specifies the number of character pairs (bytes) in the record, exclud-
	       ing the type and record length fields.

       Address This is a 2-, 3- or 4-byte address that specifies where the data in the S-Record is to be loaded into memory.

       Data    The data field contains the executable code, memory-loadable data or descriptive information to be transferred.

       Checksum
	       The  checksum  is an 8-bit field that represents the least significant byte of the one's complement of the sum of the values repre-
	       sented by the pairs of characters making up the record's length, address, and data fields.

   Record Types
       S0      This type of record is the header record for each block of S-Records.  The data field may contain any descriptive information iden-
	       tifying the following block of S-Records.  (It is commonly "HDR[rq] on many systems.)  The address field is normally zero.

       S1      A record containing data and the 2-byte address at which the data is to reside.

       S2      A record containing data and the 3-byte address at which the data is to reside.

       S3      A record containing data and the 4-byte address at which the data is to reside.

       S5
	       An optional record containing the number of S1, S2 and S3 records transmitted in a particular block.  The count appears in the two-
	       byte address field.  There is no data field.

	       This record is optional, you do not have to use it.  Nobody knows if you can have more than one in a file; and if  you  do,  nobody
	       knows whether or not the line count resets after each one.

	       The srec_cat command will only ever use one, provided the number of lines fits in 16 bits, otherwise it will use S6.

		      S6
			      An  optional  record  containing	the  number of S1, S2 and S3 records transmitted in a particular block.  The count
			      appears in the three-byte address field.	There is no data field.

			      This record is optional, you do not have to use it.  Nobody knows if you can have more than one in a  file;  and	if
			      you do, nobody knows whether or not the line count resets after each one.

			      Nobody knows what happens if you mix S5 and S6 records in a file.

			      The srec_cat command will only ever use one, provided the number of lines fits in 24 bits.

		      S7      A termination record for a block of S3 records.  The address field may contain the 4-byte address of the instruction
			      to which control is passed.  There is no data field.

		      S8      A termination record for a block of S2 records.  The address field may optionally contain the 3-byte address of  the
			      instruction to which control is passed.  There is no data field.

		      S9      A  termination record for a block of S1 records.	The address field may optionally contain the 2-byte address of the
			      instruction to which control is passed.  If not specified, the first entry point specification  encountered  in  the
			      object module input will be used.  There is no data field.

   Size Multiplier
       In general, binary data will expand in sized by approximately 2.4 times when represented with this format.

EXAMPLE

       Here is an example S-Record file.  It contains the data "Hello, World[rq] to be loaded at address 0.
	      S00600004844521B
	      S110000048656C6C6F2C20576F726C640A9D
	      S5030001FB
	      S9030000FC

COPYRIGHT

       srec_cat version 1.58
       Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Peter Miller

       The srec_cat program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details use the 'srec_cat -VERSion License' command.  This is free software and
       you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; for details use the 'srec_cat -VERSion License' command.

AUTHOR

       Peter Miller   E-Mail:	pmiller@opensource.org.au
       //*		 WWW:	http://miller.emu.id.au/pmiller/

Reference Manual						      SRecord							  srec_motorola(5)