FIND(1L)																  FIND(1L)

NAME

       find - search for files in a directory hierarchy

SYNOPSIS

       find [path...] [expression]

DESCRIPTION

       This  manual  page  documents  the  GNU version of find.  find searches the directory tree rooted at each given file name by evaluating the
       given expression from left to right, according to the rules of precedence (see section OPERATORS), until the outcome  is  known	(the  left
       hand side is false for and operations, true for or), at which point find moves on to the next file name.

       The  first argument that begins with `-', `(', `)', `,', or `!' is taken to be the beginning of the expression; any arguments before it are
       paths to search, and any arguments after it are the rest of the expression.  If no paths are given, the current directory is used.   If	no
       expression is given, the expression `-print' is used.

       find exits with status 0 if all files are processed successfully, greater than 0 if errors occur.

EXPRESSIONS

       The  expression	is  made  up  of  options (which affect overall operation rather than the processing of a specific file, and always return
       true), tests (which return a true or false value), and actions (which have side effects and return a true or false value), all separated by
       operators.  -and is assumed where the operator is omitted.  If the expression contains no actions other than -prune, -print is performed on
       all files for which the expression is true.

   OPTIONS
       All options always return true.	They always take effect, rather than being processed only when their place in the expression  is  reached.
       Therefore, for clarity, it is best to place them at the beginning of the expression.

       -daystart
	      Measure times (for -amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, and -mtime) from the beginning of today rather than from 24 hours ago.

       -depth Process each directory's contents before the directory itself.

       -follow
	      Dereference symbolic links.  Implies -noleaf.

       -help, --help
	      Print a summary of the command-line usage of find and exit.

       -maxdepth levels
	      Descend  at  most  levels (a non-negative integer) levels of directories below the command line arguments.  `-maxdepth 0' means only
	      apply the tests and actions to the command line arguments.

       -mindepth levels
	      Do not apply any tests or actions at levels less than levels (a non-negative integer).  `-mindepth 1' means process all files except
	      the command line arguments.

       -mount Don't descend directories on other filesystems.  An alternate name for -xdev, for compatibility with some other versions of find.

       -noleaf
	      Do  not optimize by assuming that directories contain 2 fewer subdirectories than their hard link count.	This option is needed when
	      searching filesystems that do not follow the Unix directory-link convention, such as CD-ROM or  MS-DOS  filesystems  or  AFS  volume
	      mount points.  Each directory on a normal Unix filesystem has at least 2 hard links: its name and its `.'  entry.  Additionally, its
	      subdirectories (if any) each have a `..'	entry linked to that directory.  When find is examining a directory, after it has  statted
	      2  fewer	subdirectories than the directory's link count, it knows that the rest of the entries in the directory are non-directories
	      (`leaf' files in the directory tree).  If only the files' names need to be examined, there is no need to stat  them;  this  gives  a
	      significant increase in search speed.

       -version, --version
	      Print the find version number and exit.

       -xdev  Don't descend directories on other filesystems.

   TESTS
       Numeric arguments can be specified as

       +n     for greater than n,

       -n     for less than n,

       n      for exactly n.

       -amin n
	      File was last accessed n minutes ago.

       -anewer file
	      File was last accessed more recently than file was modified.  -anewer is affected by -follow only if -follow comes before -anewer on
	      the command line.

       -atime n
	      File was last accessed n*24 hours ago.

       -cmin n
	      File's status was last changed n minutes ago.

       -cnewer file
	      File's status was last changed more recently than file was modified.  -cnewer is affected by -follow only if  -follow  comes  before
	      -cnewer on the command line.

       -ctime n
	      File's status was last changed n*24 hours ago.

       -empty File is empty and is either a regular file or a directory.

       -false Always false.

       -fstype type
	      File  is	on  a  filesystem  of  type type.  The valid filesystem types vary among different versions of Unix; an incomplete list of
	      filesystem types that are accepted on some version of Unix or another is: ufs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs, tmp, mfs, S51K,  S52K.   You  can  use
	      -printf with the %F directive to see the types of your filesystems.

       -gid n File's numeric group ID is n.

       -group gname
	      File belongs to group gname (numeric group ID allowed).

       -ilname pattern
	      Like -lname, but the match is case insensitive.

       -iname pattern
	      Like  -name, but the match is case insensitive.  For example, the patterns `fo*' and `F??' match the file names `Foo', `FOO', `foo',
	      `fOo', etc.

       -inum n
	      File has inode number n.

       -ipath pattern
	      Like -path, but the match is case insensitive.

       -iregex pattern
	      Like -regex, but the match is case insensitive.

       -links n
	      File has n links.

       -lname pattern
	      File is a symbolic link whose contents match shell pattern pattern.  The metacharacters do not treat `/' or `.' specially.

       -mmin n
	      File's data was last modified n minutes ago.

       -mtime n
	      File's data was last modified n*24 hours ago.

       -name pattern
	      Base of file name (the path with the leading directories removed) matches shell pattern pattern.	The metacharacters (`*', `?',  and
	      `[]') do not match a `.' at the start of the base name.  To ignore a directory and the files under it, use -prune; see an example in
	      the description of -path.

       -newer file
	      File was modified more recently than file.  -newer is affected by -follow only if -follow comes before -newer on the command line.

       -nouser
	      No user corresponds to file's numeric user ID.

       -nogroup
	      No group corresponds to file's numeric group ID.

       -path pattern
	      File name matches shell pattern pattern.	The metacharacters do not treat `/' or `.' specially; so, for example,
			find . -path './sr*sc'
	      will print an entry for a directory called './src/misc' (if one exists).	To ignore a whole directory tree, use -prune  rather  than
	      checking	every  file in the tree.  For example, to skip the directory `src/emacs' and all files and directories under it, and print
	      the names of the other files found, do something like this:
			find . -path './src/emacs' -prune -o -print

       -perm mode
	      File's permission bits are exactly mode (octal or symbolic).  Symbolic modes use mode 0 as a point of departure.

       -perm -mode
	      All of the permission bits mode are set for the file.

       -perm +mode
	      Any of the permission bits mode are set for the file.

       -regex pattern
	      File name matches regular expression pattern.  This is a match on the whole path, not a search.  For example, to match a file  named
	      `./fubar3', you can use the regular expression `.*bar.' or `.*b.*3', but not `b.*r3'.

       -size n[bckw]
	      File  uses n units of space.  The units are 512-byte blocks by default or if `b' follows n, bytes if `c' follows n, kilobytes if `k'
	      follows n, or 2-byte words if `w' follows n.  The size does not count indirect blocks, but it does count blocks in sparse files that
	      are not actually allocated.

       -true  Always true.

       -type c
	      File is of type c:

	      b      block (buffered) special

	      c      character (unbuffered) special

	      d      directory

	      p      named pipe (FIFO)

	      f      regular file

	      l      symbolic link

	      s      socket

	      D      door (Solaris)

       -uid n File's numeric user ID is n.

       -used n
	      File was last accessed n days after its status was last changed.

       -user uname
	      File is owned by user uname (numeric user ID allowed).

       -xtype c
	      The same as -type unless the file is a symbolic link.  For symbolic links: if -follow has not been given, true if the file is a link
	      to a file of type c; if -follow has been given, true if c is `l'.  In other words, for symbolic links, -xtype checks the type of the
	      file that -type does not check.

   ACTIONS
       -exec command ;
	      Execute  command;  true  if 0 status is returned.  All following arguments to find are taken to be arguments to the command until an
	      argument consisting of `;' is encountered.  The string `{}' is replaced by the current  file  name  being  processed  everywhere	it
	      occurs  in  the  arguments to the command, not just in arguments where it is alone, as in some versions of find.	Both of these con-
	      structions might need to be escaped (with a `') or quoted to protect them from expansion by the shell.  The command is executed	in
	      the starting directory.

       -fls file
	      True; like -ls but write to file like -fprint.

       -fprint file
	      True;  print  the  full  file  name into file file.  If file does not exist when find is run, it is created; if it does exist, it is
	      truncated.  The file names ``/dev/stdout'' and ``/dev/stderr'' are handled specially; they refer to the standard output and standard
	      error output, respectively.

       -fprint0 file
	      True; like -print0 but write to file like -fprint.

       -fprintf file format
	      True; like -printf but write to file like -fprint.

       -ok command ;
	      Like  -exec  but ask the user first (on the standard input); if the response does not start with `y' or `Y', do not run the command,
	      and return false.

       -print True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a newline.

       -print0
	      True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a null character.  This allows file names that  contain  newlines
	      to be correctly interpreted by programs that process the find output.

       -printf format
	      True;  print  format on the standard output, interpreting `' escapes and `%' directives.  Field widths and precisions can be speci-
	      fied as with the `printf' C function.  Unlike -print, -printf does not add a newline at the end of  the  string.	 The  escapes  and
	      directives are:

	      a     Alarm bell.

	           Backspace.

	      c     Stop printing from this format immediately and flush the output.

	      f     Form feed.

	      
     Newline.

	      
     Carriage return.

	      	     Horizontal tab.

	      v     Vertical tab.

	      \     A literal backslash (`').

	      NNN   The character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal).

	      A `' character followed by any other character is treated as an ordinary character, so they both are printed.

	      %%     A literal percent sign.

	      %a     File's last access time in the format returned by the C `ctime' function.

	      %Ak    File's  last access time in the format specified by k, which is either `@' or a directive for the C `strftime' function.  The
		     possible values for k are listed below; some of them might not be available on all systems, due to differences in	`strftime'
		     between systems.

		     @	    seconds since Jan. 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT.

		     Time fields:

		     H	    hour (00..23)

		     I	    hour (01..12)

		     k	    hour ( 0..23)

		     l	    hour ( 1..12)

		     M	    minute (00..59)

		     p	    locale's AM or PM

		     r	    time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)

		     S	    second (00..61)

		     T	    time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)

		     X	    locale's time representation (H:M:S)

		     Z	    time zone (e.g., EDT), or nothing if no time zone is determinable

		     Date fields:

		     a	    locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)

		     A	    locale's full weekday name, variable length (Sunday..Saturday)

		     b	    locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)

		     B	    locale's full month name, variable length (January..December)

		     c	    locale's date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)

		     d	    day of month (01..31)

		     D	    date (mm/dd/yy)

		     h	    same as b

		     j	    day of year (001..366)

		     m	    month (01..12)

		     U	    week number of year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)

		     w	    day of week (0..6)

		     W	    week number of year with Monday as first day of week (00..53)

		     x	    locale's date representation (mm/dd/yy)

		     y	    last two digits of year (00..99)

		     Y	    year (1970...)

	      %b     File's size in 512-byte blocks (rounded up).

	      %c     File's last status change time in the format returned by the C `ctime' function.

	      %Ck    File's last status change time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.

	      %d     File's depth in the directory tree; 0 means the file is a command line argument.

	      %f     File's name with any leading directories removed (only the last element).

	      %F     Type of the filesystem the file is on; this value can be used for -fstype.

	      %g     File's group name, or numeric group ID if the group has no name.

	      %G     File's numeric group ID.

	      %h     Leading directories of file's name (all but the last element).

	      %H     Command line argument under which file was found.

	      %i     File's inode number (in decimal).

	      %k     File's size in 1K blocks (rounded up).

	      %l     Object of symbolic link (empty string if file is not a symbolic link).

	      %m     File's permission bits (in octal).

	      %n     Number of hard links to file.

	      %p     File's name.

	      %P     File's name with the name of the command line argument under which it was found removed.

	      %s     File's size in bytes.

	      %t     File's last modification time in the format returned by the C `ctime' function.

	      %Tk    File's last modification time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.

	      %u     File's user name, or numeric user ID if the user has no name.

	      %U     File's numeric user ID.

	      A `%' character followed by any other character is discarded (but the other character is printed).

       -prune If -depth is not given, true; do not descend the current directory.
	      If -depth is given, false; no effect.

       -ls    True; list current file in `ls -dils' format on standard output.	The block counts are of 1K blocks, unless the environment variable
	      POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are used.

   OPERATORS
       Listed in order of decreasing precedence:

       ( expr )
	      Force precedence.

       ! expr True if expr is false.

       -not expr
	      Same as ! expr.

       expr1 expr2
	      And (implied); expr2 is not evaluated if expr1 is false.

       expr1 -a expr2
	      Same as expr1 expr2.

       expr1 -and expr2
	      Same as expr1 expr2.

       expr1 -o expr2
	      Or; expr2 is not evaluated if expr1 is true.

       expr1 -or expr2
	      Same as expr1 -o expr2.

       expr1 , expr2
	      List; both expr1 and expr2 are always evaluated.	The value of expr1 is discarded; the value of the list is the value of expr2.

SEE ALSO

       locate(1L), locatedb(5L), updatedb(1L), xargs(1L) Finding Files (on-line in Info, or printed)

																	  FIND(1L)