01-24-2014
Take another look at the link I posted in my post #3.
That guy had a EFI partition, like you. He installed Debian, like you.
He found that a bootloader was not installed, like you.
He was trying to dual boot Windows, like you.
He spent a lot of time but was good enough to publish his solution.
Here's another link you may find useful:
Managing EFI Boot Loaders for Linux: EFI Boot Loader Installation
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LEARN ABOUT POSIX
bootctl
BOOTCTL(1) bootctl BOOTCTL(1)
NAME
bootctl - Control the firmware and boot manager settings
SYNOPSIS
bootctl [OPTIONS...] status
bootctl [OPTIONS...] list
bootctl [OPTIONS...] update
bootctl [OPTIONS...] install
bootctl [OPTIONS...] remove
DESCRIPTION
bootctl checks, updates, installs or removes the boot loader from the current system.
bootctl status checks and prints the currently installed versions of the boot loader binaries and all current EFI boot variables.
bootctl list displays all configured boot loader entries.
bootctl update updates all installed versions of systemd-boot, if the current version is newer than the version installed in the EFI system
partition. This also includes the EFI default/fallback loader at /EFI/BOOT/BOOT*.EFI. A systemd-boot entry in the EFI boot variables is
created if there is no current entry. The created entry will be added to the end of the boot order list.
bootctl install installs systemd-boot into the EFI system partition. A copy of systemd-boot will be stored as the EFI default/fallback
loader at /EFI/BOOT/BOOT*.EFI. A systemd-boot entry in the EFI boot variables is created and added to the top of the boot order list.
bootctl remove removes all installed versions of systemd-boot from the EFI system partition, and removes systemd-boot from the EFI boot
variables.
If no command is passed, status is implied.
OPTIONS
The following options are understood:
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
--path=
Path to the EFI System Partition (ESP). If not specified, /efi, /boot, and /boot/efi are checked in turn. It is recommended to mount
the ESP to /boot, if possible.
-p, --print-path
This option modifies the behaviour of status. Just print the path to the EFI System Partition (ESP) to standard output and exit.
--no-variables
Do not touch the EFI boot variables.
EXIT STATUS
On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
SEE ALSO
Boot loader specification[1] systemd boot loader interface[2]
NOTES
1. Boot loader specification
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec
2. systemd boot loader interface
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface
systemd 237 BOOTCTL(1)