01-24-2014
^@ is a null. The original file is 16 bits per character. When viewed on an 8 bits per character system the nulls do not show up. I had a file like that once. My file had been created on Windows.
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dear
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A64L(3) BSD Library Functions Manual A64L(3)
NAME
a64l, l64a -- convert between 32-bit integer and radix-64 ASCII string
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
long
a64l(const char *s);
char *
l64a(long value);
DESCRIPTION
The a64l() and l64a() functions are used to maintain numbers stored in radix-64 ASCII characters. This is a notation by which 32-bit inte-
gers can be represented by up to six characters; each character represents a ``digit'' in a radix-64 notation.
The characters used to represent digits are '.' for 0, '/' for 1, '0' through '9' for 2-11, 'A' through 'Z' for 12-37, and 'a' through 'z'
for 38-63.
The a64l() function takes a pointer to a null-terminated radix-64 representation and returns a corresponding 32-bit value. If the string
pointed to by s contains more than six characters, a64l() will use the first six. a64l() scans the character string from left to right,
decoding each character as a 6-bit radix-64 number. If a long integer is larger than 32 bits, the return value will be sign-extended.
l64a() takes a long integer argument value and returns a pointer to the corresponding radix-64 representation.
RETURN VALUES
On success, a64l() returns a 32-bit representation of s. If s is a null pointer or if it contains digits other than those described above.
a64l() returns -1 and sets the global variable errno to EINVAL.
On success, l64a() returns a pointer to a string containing the radix-64 representation of value. If value is 0, l64a() returns a pointer to
the empty string. If value is negative, l64a() returns a null pointer and sets the global variable errno to EINVAL.
WARNINGS
The value returned by l64a() is a pointer into a static buffer, the contents of which will be overwritten by subsequent calls.
The value returned by a64l() may be incorrect if the value is too large; for that reason, only strings that resulted from a call to l64a()
should be used to call a64l().
If a long integer is larger than 32 bits, only the low-order 32 bits are used.
STANDARDS
The a64l() and l64a() functions conform to X/Open Portability Guide Issue 4, Version 2 (``XPG4.2'').
BSD
August 17, 1997 BSD