PROTO(4)						   BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual 						  PROTO(4)

NAME

     proto -- Driver for prototyping and H/W diagnostics

SYNOPSIS

     To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following line in your kernel configuration file:

	   device proto

     Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in loader.conf(5):

	   proto_load="YES"

DESCRIPTION

     The proto device driver attaches to PCI devices when no other device drivers are present and creates device special files for all resources
     associated with the device.  The driver itself has no knowledge of the device it attaches to.  Programs can open these device special files
     and perform register-level reads and writes.  As such, the proto device driver is nothing but a conduit or gateway between user space pro-
     grams and the hardware device.

     Examples for why this is useful include hardware diagnostics and prototyping.  In both these use cases, it is far more convenient to develop
     and run the logic in user space.  Especially hardware diagnostics requires a somewhat user-friendly interface and adequate reporting.  Nei-
     ther is done easily as kernel code.

FILES

     All device special files corresponding to a PCI device are located under /dev/proto/pci<d>:<b>:<s>:<f> with pci<d>:<b>:<s>:<f> representing
     the location of the PCI device in the PCI hierarchy.  A location includes:

     <d>     The PCI domain number
     <b>     The PCI bus number
     <s>     The PCI slot or device number
     <f>     The PCI function number

     Every PCI device has a device special file called pcicfg.	This device special file gives access to the PCI configuration space.  For each
     valid base address register (BAR), a device special file is created that contains the BAR offset and the resource type.  A resource type can
     be either io or mem representing I/O port or memory mapped I/O space (resp.)

EXAMPLES

     A single function PCI device in domain 0, on bus 1, in slot 2 and having a single memory mapped I/O region will have the following device
     special files:

     /dev/proto/pci0:1:2:0/10.mem
     /dev/proto/pci0:1:2:0/pcicfg

AUTHORS

     The proto device driver and this manual page were written by Marcel Moolenaar <marcel@xcllnt.net>.

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

     Because programs have direct access to the hardware, the proto driver is inherently insecure.  It is not advisable to use this driver on a
     production machine.

MISSING FUNCTIONALITY

     The proto driver does not yet support interrupts.	Since interrupts cannot be handled by the driver itself, they must be converted into sig-
     nals and delivered to the program that has registered for interrupts.

     In order to test the transmission or reception of data, some means of doing direct memory access (DMA) by the device must be possible.  This
     too must be under the control of the program.  The details of how a program can set up and initiate DMA still need to be fleshed out.

     Support for non-PCI devices has not been implemented yet.

BSD
								  April 29, 2014							       BSD