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The Lounge What is on Your Mind? Code Post 302860671 by jim mcnamara on Monday 7th of October 2013 03:48:05 AM
Old 10-07-2013
Computer systems use binary numbers. That is: the number "two" times itself.

2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 1024 = 1 K (2^10)

2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2X2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 1048576 = M (2^20)

So one Kb (or KB) is 1024 bytes of data in a file
One MB is 1048576 bytes of data in a file.

Since the computer uses only numbers to represent everything, the alphabet and other characters are assigned a number. Capital A=65, 0 (zero number character) = 49.

The definitions exist for EVERY character you can type, including the <enter> key.
The definition of these characters is a world-wide standard, it is called ASCII. When you set your computer to use languages that have complicated sets of glyphs, the new rules (numbers for each glyph) are stored in locale settings. These are special, not ASCII usually.

The default locale is named "C". After the computer language C. That locale uses ASCII.

Computers are all about numbers and number crunching, so everything boils down to how numbers are stored in memory - they are stored as base2 numbers - binary - only ones and zeroes are allowed.
 

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iswalpha(3C)						   Standard C Library Functions 					      iswalpha(3C)

NAME
iswalpha, isenglish, isideogram, isnumber, isphonogram, isspecial, iswalnum, iswascii, iswblank, iswcntrl, iswdigit, iswgraph, iswlower, iswprint, iswpunct, iswspace, iswupper, iswxdigit - wide-character code classification functions SYNOPSIS
#include <wchar.h> #include <wctype.h> int iswalpha(wint_t wc); int isenglish(wint_t wc); int isideogram(wint_t wc); int isnumber(wint_t wc); int isphonogram(wint_t wc); int isspecial(wint_t wc); int iswalnum(wint_t wc); int iswascii(wint_t wc); int iswblank(wint_t wc); int iswcntrl(wint_t wc); int iswdigit(wint_t wc); int iswgraph(wint_t wc); int iswlower(wint_t wc); int iswprint(wint_t wc); int iswpunct(wint_t wc); int iswspace(wint_t wc); int iswupper(wint_t wc); int iswxdigit(wint_t wc); DESCRIPTION
These functions test whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of a particular class defined in the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale. In all cases, wc is a wint_t, the value of which must be a wide-character code corresponding to a valid character in the current locale or must equal the value of the macro WEOF. If the argument has any other values, the behavior is undefined. iswalpha(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "alpha" in the program's current locale. isenglish(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing an English language character, excluding ASCII characters. isideogram(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing an ideographic language character, excluding ASCII characters. isnumber(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing digit [0-9], excluding ASCII characters. isphonogram(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a phonetic language character, excluding ASCII characters. isspecial(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a special language character, excluding ASCII characters. iswalnum(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "alpha" or "digit" in the program's current locale. iswascii(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing an ASCII character. iswblank(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "blank" in the program's current locale. This function is not available to applications conforming to standards prior to SUSv3. See standards(5). iswlower(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "lower" in the program's current locale. iswcntrl(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "cntrl" in the program's current locale. iswdigit(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "digit" in the program's current locale. iswgraph(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "graph" in the program's current locale. iswprint(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "print" in the program's current locale. iswpunct(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "punct" in the program's current locale. iswspace(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "space" in the program's current locale. iswupper(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "upper" in the program's current locale. iswxdigit(wc) Tests whether wc is a wide-character code representing a character of class "xdigit" in the program's current locale. ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes: +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |ATTRIBUTE TYPE |ATTRIBUTE VALUE | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |CSI |Enabled | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |Interface Stability |See below. | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ |MT-Level |MT-Safe with exceptions | +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+ The iswalpha(), iswalnum(), iswblank(), iswcntrl(), iswdigit(), iswgraph(), iswlower(), iswprint(), iswpunct(), iswspace(), iswupper(), and iswxdigit() functions are Standard. SEE ALSO
localedef(1), setlocale(3C), stdio(3C), ascii(5), attributes(5), standards(5) SunOS 5.11 19 Apr 2004 iswalpha(3C)
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