10-05-2013
Help with Linux shell
Taking a class and having trouble with this whole section.
1. What is the name of the action the shell performs on your command-line after you hit the ENTER key (i.e., to cut your command-line syntax into its constituent tokens, including its commands, options and arguments)?
Hint: It is a word that begins with a “p”
2. What is the name of the important shell variable that is used to find where the command you entered might be stored in the file system, allowing you to make changes to these locations as needed (i.e., to add your own, personal ~/bin directory to the search list)?
Hint: It is a word that begins with a “P”
3. Figure out what the following sequence of commands is trying to accomplish - that is, the end result - and write a single command-line syntax to achieve the same result, using sort as a filter (i.e., don't use sort as the first command), and without creating any new files at all (that is, other than the one that already existed before you started your command-line, and that serves as the input in this example). Do not create and then delete files in your solution. Type your command-line solution:
Hint: Do not use any temp files...
$ sort list > temp
$ lpr temp
$ rm temp
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look(1) General Commands Manual look(1)
NAME
look - Finds lines in a sorted list
SYNOPSIS
look [-df] [-tcharacter] string [file]
The look command prints all lines in a sorted file that begin with string.
OPTIONS
Uses dictionary order; only letters, digits, tabs, and spaces are used in comparisons. Searches without regard to case; treats uppercase
and lowercase as equivalent. Ignores character and characters following it in the search string. If you specify look -tC ABCDE, the
string ABCDE would become (in effect) AB, with CDE being ignored. This option is primarily for shell scripts, in which more than one
string is being processed.
DESCRIPTION
If no file is specified, look searches in the system word list /usr/share/dict/words, with the options -df assumed by default.
The look command uses binary search.
The -d and -f options affect comparisons as in sort.
NOTES
In order to use the -f option, you must first sort file with the sort -f command; otherwise, look displays only lowercase items.
If you do not specify -f, but specify a file (such as /usr/share/dict/words) that has been sorted with sort -f, look may not produce any
output.
EXAMPLES
To search a sorted file called sortfile for all lines that begin with the string as, enter: look as sortfile To search the system word list
for all words beginning with smi, enter: look smi
This might result in: smile smirk smith smithereens Smithfield Smithson smithy smitten
FILES
System word list.
SEE ALSO
Commands: grep(1), sort(1), spell(1)
look(1)