STRTOUL(3)						   BSD Library Functions Manual 						STRTOUL(3)

NAME

     strtoul, strtoull, strtoumax, strtouq -- convert a string to an unsigned long, unsigned long long, uintmax_t, or u_quad_t integer

LIBRARY

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

     #include <stdlib.h>

     unsigned long
     strtoul(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr, int base);

     unsigned long long
     strtoull(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr, int base);

     #include <inttypes.h>

     uintmax_t
     strtoumax(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr, int base);

     #include <sys/types.h>
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     u_quad_t
     strtouq(const char *str, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION

     The strtoul() function converts the string in str to an unsigned long value.  The strtoull() function converts the string in str to an
     unsigned long long value.	The strtoumax() function converts the string in str to an uintmax_t value.  The strtouq() function converts the
     string in str to a u_quad_t value.  The conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the
     special value 0.

     The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional '+' or '-' sign.	If
     base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ``0x'' prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as
     10 (decimal) unless the next character is '0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).

     The remainder of the string is converted to an unsigned long value in the obvious manner, stopping at the end of the string or at the first
     character that does not produce a valid digit in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the letter 'A' in either upper or lower case represents
     10, 'B' represents 11, and so forth, with 'Z' representing 35.)

     If endptr is not NULL, strtoul() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr.  If there were no digits at all, however,
     strtoul() stores the original value of str in *endptr.  (Thus, if *str is not '' but **endptr is '' on return, the entire string was
     valid.)

RETURN VALUES

     The strtoul(), strtoull(), strtoumax() and strtouq() functions return either the result of the conversion or, if there was a leading minus
     sign, the negation of the result of the conversion, unless the original (non-negated) value would overflow; in the latter case, strtoul()
     returns ULONG_MAX, strtoull() returns ULLONG_MAX, strtoumax() returns UINTMAX_MAX, and strtouq() returns ULLONG_MAX.  In all cases, errno is
     set to ERANGE.  If no conversion could be performed, 0 is returned and the global variable errno is set to EINVAL (the last feature is not
     portable across all platforms).

ERRORS

     [EINVAL]		The value of base is not supported or no conversion could be performed (the last feature is not portable across all plat-
			forms).

     [ERANGE]		The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.

LEGACY SYNOPSIS

     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <limits.h>

     <limits.h> is necessary for the strtoul() and strtoull() functions.

SEE ALSO

     strtol(3), strtol_l(3), strtonum(3), wcstoul(3), compat(5)

STANDARDS

     The strtoul() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (``ISO C90'').  The strtoull() and strtoumax() functions conform to ISO/IEC 9899:1999
     (``ISO C99'').  The BSD strtouq() function is deprecated.

BSD
								 November 28, 2001							       BSD