09-16-2013
man bash (or any other shell):
Quote:
REDIRECTION
Before a command is executed, its input and output may be redirected using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection
may also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may pre‐
cede or appear anywhere within a simple command or may follow a command. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
left to right.
Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {varname}. In this
case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to
varname. If >&- or <&- is preceded by {varname}, the value of varname defines the file descriptor to close.
In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <,
the redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirection operator is >, the re‐
direction refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
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RBASH(1) General Commands Manual RBASH(1)
NAME
rbash - restricted bash, see bash(1)
RESTRICTED SHELL
If bash is started with the name rbash, or the -r option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is
used to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It behaves identically to bash with the exception that the follow-
ing are disallowed or not performed:
o changing directories with cd
o setting or unsetting the values of SHELL, PATH, ENV, or BASH_ENV
o specifying command names containing /
o specifying a file name containing a / as an argument to the . builtin command
o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the -p option to the hash builtin command
o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
o parsing the value of SHELLOPTS from the shell environment at startup
o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators
o using the exec builtin command to replace the shell with another command
o adding or deleting builtin commands with the -f and -d options to the enable builtin command
o using the enable builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins
o specifying the -p option to the command builtin command
o turning off restricted mode with set +r or set +o restricted.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed, rbash turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script.
SEE ALSO
bash(1)
GNU Bash-4.0 2004 Apr 20 RBASH(1)