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Full Discussion: Pid=$!
Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting Pid=$! Post 302843932 by alister on Thursday 15th of August 2013 05:42:31 PM
Old 08-15-2013
Quote:
Originally Posted by blackrageous
That's not in my version of bash or korn shell. You know you should just do echo $!
You must've overlooked it. The ! built-in variable has been around for a long time.

Regards,
Alister

---------- Post updated at 05:42 PM ---------- Previous update was at 05:40 PM ----------

Quote:
Originally Posted by googlietdr
it gives me null value
It's null until you run something in the background with & or bg.

Regards,
Alister
 

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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN

unicode::japanese::ja

Unicode::Japanese::JA(3pm)				User Contributed Perl Documentation				Unicode::Japanese::JA(3pm)

NAME

       Unicode::Japanese::JA - XXXXXXXXXX

XX

	use Unicode::Japanese;
	use Unicode::Japanese qw(unijp);

	# convert utf8 -> sjis

	print Unicode::Japanese->new($str)->sjis;
	print unijp($str)->sjis; # same as above.

	# convert sjis -> utf8

	print Unicode::Japanese->new($str,'sjis')->get;

	# convert sjis (imode_EMOJI) -> utf8

	print Unicode::Japanese->new($str,'sjis-imode')->get;

	# convert zenkaku (utf8) -> hankaku (utf8)

	print Unicode::Japanese->new($str)->z2h->get;

XX

       Unicode::Japanese XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

   XX
       o Unicode::Japanese XXXXXXXXXUTF-8 XXXXXXXXXXX

       o XS XX/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX No-XS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (Japanese.pm XXXXXXXXXXXXXX)X

       o XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       o XXXX (DoCoMo i-modeXKDDI AU, Softbank Mobile, ASTEL dot-i) XXXXX Unicode XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXDB XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       o XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       o SJIS XX MS-CP932 XXXXX Unicode XXXXXXXXXXXX

       o Unicode -> SJISXXXEUC-JP/JISX XXXXXXXXSJIS XXXXXXXXXX &#dddd; XXXXXXXXX XXXUnicodeXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX '?'XXXXX. XX, XXXXXXXXXXXX,
	 XXXXXXXXXXXX'?'XXXXX.

       o Perl-5.8.0 XXXXXX, utf8 XXXXXXXXXXXXX.  utf-8 `XXX'X XXXXX utf8() XXXXX, utf-8 `XX'X XXXXX getu() XXXXXXXXX.

	 get() XXXXXXXXXX utf-8 `XXX'X XXXXX (XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX).

	 sjis(), jis(), utf8(), etc.. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.	new, set, getcode XXXXXXXXX, utf8-flaged/bytes XXXXXX.

XXXXXXXX

       o   perl 5.10.x, 5.8.x, etc. (5.004 XX).

       o   (XXXXOK) C XXXXX.  XXXXXXXX XS X Pure Perl XXXXXXXXXX.  C XXXXXXXXXXXX, Unicode::Japanese X Pure Perl XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

       o   (XXXXOK) XXXXX Test.pm XX Test::More.

       XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

XXXX

       $s = Unicode::Japanese->new($str [, $icode [, $encode]])
	   XXX Unicode::Japanese XXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXX"set" XXXXXXXXXXX

       $s = unijp($str [, $icode [, $encode]])
	   Unicode::Janaese->new(...) XXX.

       $s->set($str [, $icode [, $encode]])
	   $str: XXX
	   $icode: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 'utf8'
	   $encode: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX UTF-8 XXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXX:

	    auto
	    utf8 ucs2 ucs4
	    utf16-be utf16-le utf16
	    utf32-be utf32-le utf32
	    sjis cp932 euc euc-jp jis
	    sjis-imode sjis-imode1 sjis-imode2
	    utf8-imode utf8-imode1 utf8-imode2
	    sjis-doti sjis-doti1
	    sjis-jsky sjis-jsky1 sjis-jsky2
	    jis-jsky  jis-jsky1  jis-jsky2
	    utf8-jsky utf8-jsky1 utf8-jsky2
	    sjis-au sjis-au1 sjis-au2
	    jis-au  jis-au1  jis-au2
	    sjis-icon-au sjis-icon-au1 sjis-icon-au2
	    euc-icon-au  euc-icon-au1  euc-icon-au2
	    jis-icon-au  jis-icon-au1  jis-icon-au2
	    utf8-icon-au utf8-icon-au1 utf8-icon-au2
	    ascii binary

	   ( XXX.)

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX'auto' XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 'auto' XXXXXXXXXXXXXgetcode() XXXXXXX XXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXX'base64' XXXXXXXXX base64 XXXXXXXXXbase64 XXXXXXXXX Unicode::Japanese XXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 'binary' XXXXXXX

	   sjis-imodeXsjis-dotiXXXXXXXXXX &#dddd; X XXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   sjis, utf8 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXsjisX sjis-auXsjis-doti XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXsjis-auX XXXXXX

       $str = $s->get
	   $str: XXX(UTF-8)

	   XXXX UTF-8 XXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXX `XXX' X XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

	   XXXXXXXXX utf8() XXXXX, XXXXXXXX getu() XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->getu
	   $str: XXX(UTF-8)

	   XXXX UTF-8 XXXXXXXXXXX

	   Perl-5.8.0 XXXXXXX, utf-8 XXXXXXX utf-8 XXXXXX XXXX.

       $code = $s->getcode($str)
	   $str: XXX
	   $code: XXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXX($str)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXX, XXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   (PurePerlX)

	   1.  UTF-32 X BOM XXXXXutf32 XXXXXXX

	   2.  UTF-16 X BOM XXXXXutf16 XXXXXXX

	   3.  UTF-32BE XXXXXXXXXXXutf32-be XXXXXXX

	   4.  UTF-32LE XXXXXXXXXXXutf32-le XXXXXXX

	   5.  ESC XX XXX 8 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXascii XXXXX XXESC XXXX ASCII XXXX (0x00-0x1F XX 0x7F) X ascii XXXXXXXXX XX

	   6.  JISXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXjis XXXXXXX

	   7.  J-PHONE XXXXXXXXXXXXXsjis-jsky XXXXXXX

	   8.  EUC-JP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXeuc XXXXXXX

	   9.  SJIS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXsjis XXXXXXX

	   10. SJIS XXXX au XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXsjis-au XXXXXXX

	   11. SJIS X i-mode XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXsjis-imode XXXXXXX

	   12. SJIS X dot-i XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXsjis-doti XXXXXXX

	   13. UTF-8 XXXXXXXXXXXutf8 XXXXXXX

	   14. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXunknown XXXXXXX

	   (XSX)

	   1.  UTF-32 X BOM XXXXXutf32 XXXXXXX

	   2.  UTF-16 X BOM XXXXXutf16 XXXXXXX

	   3.  XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

	       ascii / euc / sjis / jis / utf8 / utf32-be / utf32-le / sjis-jsky / sjis-imode / sjis-au / sjis-doti

	   4.  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX.

	       utf32-be / utf32-le / ascii / jis / euc / sjis / sjis-jsky / sjis-imode / sjis-au / sjis-doti / utf8

	   5.  XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXunknown XXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   o UTF-8 XXXXXXSJISXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   o UCS2 XXXXXXXXXXXX

	   o UTF-16 X BOM XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   o XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
	      &#dddd; XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XSXPurePerlXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.	XX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXsjisXXX, PurePerlXXsjisXXXXXXX XSXXXXXXXX. XXXsjis-
	   jskyXXXXXXXXXXXXX. XX, XX XXXXXXXXXXXXX, euc-jpXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX.

       $code = $s->getcodelist($str)
	   $str: XXX
	   $code: XXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXX($str)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   getcode XXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->conv($ocode, $encode)
	   $ocode: XXXXX (XXXXXX)
	      utf8 ucs2 ucs4 utf16
	      sjis cp932 euc euc-jp jis
	      sjis-imode sjis-imode1 sjis-imode2
	      utf8-imode utf8-imode1 utf8-imode2
	      sjis-doti sjis-doti1
	      sjis-jsky sjis-jsky1 sjis-jsky2
	      jis-jsky	jis-jsky1  jis-jsky2
	      utf8-jsky utf8-jsky1 utf8-jsky2
	      sjis-au sjis-au1 sjis-au2
	      jis-au  jis-au1  jis-au2
	      sjis-icon-au sjis-icon-au1 sjis-icon-au2
	      euc-icon-au  euc-icon-au1  euc-icon-au2
	      jis-icon-au  jis-icon-au1  jis-icon-au2
	      utf8-icon-au utf8-icon-au1 utf8-icon-au2
	      binary

	     ( XXX.)

	     XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   $encode: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
	   $str: XXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXX'base64' XXXXXXXXX base64 XXXXXXXXXbase64 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX

	   perl-5.8.0 XXXXXX, XXX utf-8 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

       $s->tag2bin
	   XXXXXXXXX &#dddd; XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       $s->z2h
	   XXXXXXXXXXXX

       $s->h2z
	   XXXXXXXXXXXX

       $s->hira2kata
	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       $s->kata2hira
	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->jis
	   $str: JIS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX JISXISO-2022-JPX XXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->euc
	   $str: euc-jp XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX EUC-JP XXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->utf8
	   $str: utf-8 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX UTF-8 XXXXXXXXXXX

	   perl-5.8.0 XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->ucs2
	   $str: ucs2 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX UCS2 XXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->ucs4
	   $str: ucs4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX UCS4 XXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->utf16
	   $str: ucs-16 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX UTF-16 XXXXXXXXXXX BOMXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->sjis
	   $str: sjis XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX SJISXMS-CP932X XXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->sjis_imode
	   $str: sjis/imodeXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX i-mode XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX XXXimodeXXXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->sjis_imode1
	   $str: sjis/imode XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX i-mode XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->sjis_imode2
	   $str: sjis/imode XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX i-mode XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->sjis_doti
	   $str: sjis/dot-i XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX dot-i XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX

       $str = $s->sjis_jsky
	   $str: sjis/j-sky XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX j-sky XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX XXXj-skyXXX(VERSION 0.15 XX, jsky2)XXXXX.

       $str = $s->sjis_jsky1
	   $str: sjis/j-sky XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX j-sky XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX Page 1X3 XXXXXXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->sjis_jsky
	   $str: sjis/j-sky XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX j-sky XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX Page 1X6 XXXXXXXXX.

       $str = $s->sjis_icon_au
	   $str: sjis/AU iconXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXX AU XXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXX

       $str_arrayref = $s->strcut($len)
	   $len: XXXXXXX(XXXX)
	   $str_arrayref: XXX

	   $lenXXXXXXXXX(XX)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXXXXXX, utf-8 XXXXXXXutf-8XXXXX.

       $len = $s->strlen
	   $len: XXXXXXX

	   UTF-8 XXXXXX length() XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 3 XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 2 XXXXXX

       $s->join_csv(@values);
	   @values: XXXXX

	   XXX CSV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX("
")XXXXXXXX

       @values = $s->split_csv;
	   @values: XXXXX

	   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX CSV XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX("
")XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	   XXX binary XXXXX utf-8 XXXXXXXX.  binary XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|encoding	| in | out | guess |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|auto		: OK : --  | ----- |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|utf8		: OK : OK  | OK    |
	|ucs2		: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|ucs4		: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf16-be	: OK : --  | ----- |
	|utf16-le	: OK : --  | ----- |
	|utf16		: OK : OK  | OK(#) |
	|utf32-be	: OK : --  | OK    |
	|utf32-le	: OK : --  | OK    |
	|utf32		: OK : --  | OK(#) |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|sjis		: OK : OK  | OK    |
	|cp932		: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|euc		: OK : OK  | OK    |
	|euc-jp 	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis		: OK : OK  | OK    |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|sjis-imode	: OK : OK  | OK    |
	|sjis-imode1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|sjis-imode2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-imode	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-imode1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-imode2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|sjis-doti	: OK : OK  | OK    |
	|sjis-doti1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|sjis-jsky	: OK : OK  | OK    |
	|sjis-jsky1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|sjis-jsky2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-jsky	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-jsky1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-jsky2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-jsky	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-jsky1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-jsky2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|sjis-au	: OK : OK  | OK    |
	|sjis-au1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|sjis-au2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-au 	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-au1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-au2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|sjis-icon-au	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|sjis-icon-au1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|sjis-icon-au2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|euc-icon-au	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|euc-icon-au1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|euc-icon-au2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-icon-au	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-icon-au1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|jis-icon-au2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-icon-au	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-icon-au1	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	|utf8-icon-au2	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	|ascii		: OK : --  | OK    |
	|binary 	: OK : OK  | ----- |
	+---------------+----+-----+-------+
	(#): guessed when it has bom.

   XXXXXXXX
	1.  utf32 (#)
	2.  utf16 (#)
	3.  utf32-be
	4.  utf32-le
	5.  ascii
	6.  jis
	7.  sjis-jsky (pp)
	8.  euc
	9.  sjis
	10. sjis-jsky (xs)
	11. sjis-au
	12. sjis-imode
	13. sjis-doti
	14. utf8
	15. unknown

DESCRIPTION OF UNICODE MAPPING

       Unicode XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       Shift_JIS
	 MS-CP932 XXX Unicode XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXURLXXXXXXXXXXXX

	 <ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP932.TXT>

	 Unicode XX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX &#dddd; XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX?XXXXXXXXX

	 XXXXXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX?XXXXXXXXX

       EUC-JP/ISO-2022-JP
	 XXSJISXXXXXXXXXXXUnicode XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXSJIS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       DoCoMo i-mode
	 F800 - F9FF XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXU+0FF800 - U+0FF9FF XXXXXXXXXXXXX

       ASTEL dot-i
	 F000 - F4FF XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXU+0FF000 - U+0FF4FF XXXXXXXXXXXXX

       J-PHONE J-SKY
	 J-SKY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX "e$" XXXXXXX1XXXXX 1XXXXXXX2XXXXX"x0f"XXXXXXX 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX

	 XX1XXXXX2XXXXXXXX1XXXXXXXX4500 - 47FF XXXXX U+0FFB00 - U+0FFDFF XXXXXXXXXXXXX

	 Unicode::Japanese XXXUnicode XX J-SKY XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       AU
	 XXXXXXXXXXXXU+0FF500 - U+0FF6FF XXXXXXXXXXXXX

PurePerl mode
	  use Unicode::Japanese qw(PurePerl);

       use XXXXX 'PurePerl' XXXXXXX, XSXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

XX

       XXXXXX "bug-unicode-japanese at rt.cpan.org" XX XXXXXXXX. XXXX http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Unicode-Japanese
       <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Unicode-Japanese>.  XXX web XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.	XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
       XXXXXXXXXXXXX.

       o EUC-JPXJIS XXXXXSJIS XXXXXXXX UTF-8 XXXXXXXXX SJIS XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       o XSXXXXXXXXXXEUC-JPXSJIS(XXXXX)XXXXXXXXX e XXXXXXXEUC-JPXSJIS XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

       o Japanese.pm XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXFTP X ASCII XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXX

       XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX perldoc XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

	   perldoc Unicode::Japanese

       XX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX:

       o   AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation

	   http://annocpan.org/dist/Unicode-Japanese <http://annocpan.org/dist/Unicode-Japanese>

       o   CPAN Ratings

	   http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Unicode-Japanese <http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Unicode-Japanese>

       o   RT: CPAN's request tracker

	   http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Unicode-Japanese <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Unicode-Japanese>

       o   Search CPAN

	   http://search.cpan.org/dist/Unicode-Japanese <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Unicode-Japanese>

CREDITS

       Thanks very much to:

       NAKAYAMA Nao

       SUGIURA Tatsuki & Debian JP Project

XXXXXXXXXX

       Copyright 2001-2008 SANO Taku (SAWATARI Mikage) and YAMASHINA Hio, all rights reserved.

       XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Perl XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.

perl v5.14.2							    2008-08-05						Unicode::Japanese::JA(3pm)
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