05-25-2013
Hmmmm - the requestor didn't ask for alternative solutions, he asked to explain why that "strange" behaviour occurred (which, btw, is not strange but correct). Let's go and try: According to the gawk man page, the array f will be filled with "the matches". The first match ( f[1] ) is being used as a separator in the following split, and then the chars before the first match (array[1]) will be substituted with "".
If there's no match, like in the second line, f will be empty, and split will use an empty separator, resulting in a per char split. array[1] will then hold the "S" which will be removed.
Logical, understandable?
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LEARN ABOUT FREEBSD
split
SPLIT(1) BSD General Commands Manual SPLIT(1)
NAME
split -- split a file into pieces
SYNOPSIS
split -d [-l line_count] [-a suffix_length] [file [prefix]]
split -d -b byte_count[K|k|M|m|G|g] [-a suffix_length] [file [prefix]]
split -d -n chunk_count [-a suffix_length] [file [prefix]]
split -d -p pattern [-a suffix_length] [file [prefix]]
DESCRIPTION
The split utility reads the given file and breaks it up into files of 1000 lines each (if no options are specified), leaving the file
unchanged. If file is a single dash ('-') or absent, split reads from the standard input.
The options are as follows:
-a suffix_length
Use suffix_length letters to form the suffix of the file name.
-b byte_count[K|k|M|m|G|g]
Create split files byte_count bytes in length. If k or K is appended to the number, the file is split into byte_count kilobyte
pieces. If m or M is appended to the number, the file is split into byte_count megabyte pieces. If g or G is appended to the num-
ber, the file is split into byte_count gigabyte pieces.
-d Use a numeric suffix instead of a alphabetic suffix.
-l line_count
Create split files line_count lines in length.
-n chunk_count
Split file into chunk_count smaller files.
-p pattern
The file is split whenever an input line matches pattern, which is interpreted as an extended regular expression. The matching line
will be the first line of the next output file. This option is incompatible with the -b and -l options.
If additional arguments are specified, the first is used as the name of the input file which is to be split. If a second additional argument
is specified, it is used as a prefix for the names of the files into which the file is split. In this case, each file into which the file is
split is named by the prefix followed by a lexically ordered suffix using suffix_length characters in the range ``a-z''. If -a is not speci-
fied, two letters are used as the suffix.
If the prefix argument is not specified, the file is split into lexically ordered files named with the prefix ``x'' and with suffixes as
above.
ENVIRONMENT
The LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE environment variables affect the execution of split as described in environ(7).
EXIT STATUS
The split utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
SEE ALSO
csplit(1), re_format(7)
STANDARDS
The split utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'').
HISTORY
A split command appeared in Version 3 AT&T UNIX.
BUGS
The maximum line length for matching patterns is 65536.
BSD
May 9, 2013 BSD