EN(4)							     Kernel Interfaces Manual							     EN(4)

NAME

       en - Xerox 3 Mb/s Ethernet interface

SYNOPSIS

       /sys/conf/SYSTEM:
	    NEN  en_controllers # Xerox prototype (3 Mb) Ethernet

DESCRIPTION

       The  en	interface provides access to a 3 Mb/s Ethernet network.  Due to limitations in the hardware, DMA transfers to and from the network
       must take place in the lower 64K bytes of the UNIBUS address space, and thus this must be among the  first  UNIBUS  devices  enabled  after
       boot.

       Each of the host's network addresses is specified at boot time with an SIOCSIFADDR ioctl.  The station address is discovered by probing the
       on-board Ethernet address register, and is used to verify the protocol addresses.  No packets will be sent  or  accepted  until	a  network
       address is supplied.

       The  interface  software  implements an exponential backoff algorithm when notified of a collision on the cable.  This algorithm utilizes a
       16-bit mask and the VAX-11's interval timer in calculating a series of random backoff values.  The algorithm is as follows:

       1.   Initialize the mask to be all 1's.

       2.   If the mask is zero, 16 retries have been made and we give up.

       3.   Shift the mask left one bit and formulate a backoff by masking the interval timer with the mask (this is actually the two's complement
	    of the value).

       4.   Use the value calculated in step 3 to delay before retransmitting the packet.

       The  interface  handles	both  Internet and NS protocol families.  It normally tries to use a ``trailer'' encapsulation to minimize copying
       data on input and output.  The use of trailers is negotiated with ARP.  This negotiation may be disabled, on a per-interface basis, by set-
       ting the IFF_NOTRAILERS flag with an SIOCSIFFLAGS ioctl.

DIAGNOSTICS

       en%d: output error.  The hardware indicated an error on the previous transmission.

       en%d: send error.  After 16 retransmissions using the exponential backoff algorithm described above, the packet was dropped.

       en%d: input error.  The hardware indicated an error in reading a packet off the cable.

       en%d:  can't  handle  af%d.   The  interface  was handed a message with addresses formatted in an unsuitable address family; the packet was
       dropped.

SEE ALSO

       intro(4N), inet(4F)

BUGS

       The device has insufficient buffering to handle back to back packets.  This makes use in a production environment painful.

       The hardware does word at a time DMA without byte swapping.  To compensate, byte swapping of user data must either be done by the  user	or
       by  the	system.   A  kludge to byte swap only IP packets is provided if the ENF_SWABIPS flag is defined in the driver and set at boot time
       with an SIOCSIFFLAGS ioctl.

3rd Berkeley Distribution					  August 20, 1987							     EN(4)