11-09-2012
The terms are used interchangeably on a lot of Linux distros. 386 was the first popular CPU architecture in the line their current processors descend from. Since it's an Intel processor they're referring to they prefix it with a lower case "i". It's since become a shorthand way of referring to "386-family processors" or at this point "Intel-style processors."
So "i386" means technically the Intel processor that came out in the mid-80's but it's more general than that in the FOSS world. After 80386 I believe Intel released a 80486 and a 80586. So "i686" (being a model number they hadn't reached by the time they stopped making the 80x86 processors) is a shorthand way of saying "386-style processor but newer than that specific line" Which usually means Pentium since that's what came later.
So technically i686 is a subset of i386, but at this point you're not going to run into a "i386" processor that is from the 80's so the terms are used interchangeably.
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UNAME(1) User Commands UNAME(1)
NAME
uname - print system information
SYNOPSIS
uname [OPTION]...
DESCRIPTION
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all
print all information, in the following order, except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name
print the kernel name
-n, --nodename
print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release
print the kernel release
-v, --kernel-version
print the kernel version
-m, --machine
print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor
print the processor type (non-portable)
-i, --hardware-platform
print the hardware platform (non-portable)
-o, --operating-system
print the operating system
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
AUTHOR
Written by David MacKenzie.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report uname translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
arch(1), uname(2)
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/uname>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) uname invocation'
GNU coreutils 8.28 January 2018 UNAME(1)