10-17-2012
Quote:
Originally Posted by
snowline84
So, there is a difference between how Unix and Linux handle this scenario.
I am trying to understand that.
First off, it has often been said and i will say it again: "Unix" is not an operating system, but a trademark. A system is "Unix", because its manufacturer bought the license to bear this trademark. "Linux" (to be precise: its manufacturers) did not purchase anything (mostly because there is no money to do so involved in Linux) and this is the only reason "Linux" is not a "Unix", but only "unixlike". This is about the same difference as "sparkling wine" versus "champagne": there is none. "Champagne" is the sparkling wine produced in the french area called Champagne, but that's it. You could create a sparkling wine which is absolutely identical to champagne - you would still not be allowed to call it "champagne" it you don't do so in the Champagne (and probably meet some other legalities too), but that would be about it.
The only real standard of any value is the POSIX standard. Linux is in most regards, AFAIK, compatible against this OS blueprint and so is HP-Ux (to which extent they actually conform i don't know - it is not the point of the argument).
Having said this: the real difference you perceive in your example above is probably the difference in the respective compiler suits. Try "gcc" in both environments (i suppose the HP-Ux compiler is not available in a Linux version) and probably the differences will vanish.
I hope this helps.
bakunin
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END(3) Linux Programmer's Manual END(3)
NAME
etext, edata, end - end of program segments
SYNOPSIS
extern etext;
extern edata;
extern end;
DESCRIPTION
The addresses of these symbols indicate the end of various program segments:
etext This is the first address past the end of the text segment (the program code).
edata This is the first address past the end of the initialized data segment.
end This is the first address past the end of the uninitialized data segment (also known as the BSS segment).
CONFORMING TO
Although these symbols have long been provided on most UNIX systems, they are not standardized; use with caution.
NOTES
The program must explicitly declare these symbols; they are not defined in any header file.
On some systems the names of these symbols are preceded by underscores, thus: _etext, _edata, and _end. These symbols are also defined for
programs compiled on Linux.
At the start of program execution, the program break will be somewhere near &end (perhaps at the start of the following page). However,
the break will change as memory is allocated via brk(2) or malloc(3). Use sbrk(2) with an argument of zero to find the current value of
the program break.
EXAMPLE
When run, the program below produces output such as the following:
$ ./a.out
First address past:
program text (etext) 0x8048568
initialized data (edata) 0x804a01c
uninitialized data (end) 0x804a024
Program source
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
extern char etext, edata, end; /* The symbols must have some type,
or "gcc -Wall" complains */
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("First address past:
");
printf(" program text (etext) %10p
", &etext);
printf(" initialized data (edata) %10p
", &edata);
printf(" uninitialized data (end) %10p
", &end);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
SEE ALSO
objdump(1), readelf(1), sbrk(2), elf(5)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.44 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
GNU
2008-07-17 END(3)