09-28-2012
Systemd
I am writing a program that must determine certain things about services. How can I, or my program, determine which services are started automatically when a given target becomes active. It is my impression that just looking in the target's .wants directory is inadequate because of other dependencies, such as in "After=," "Requires=," etc.
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LEARN ABOUT LINUX
systemd.target
SYSTEMD.TARGET(5) systemd.target SYSTEMD.TARGET(5)
NAME
systemd.target - Target unit configuration
SYNOPSIS
target.target
DESCRIPTION
A unit configuration file whose name ends in ".target" encodes information about a target unit of systemd, which is used for grouping units
and as well-known synchronization points during start-up.
This unit type has no specific options. See systemd.unit(5) for the common options of all unit configuration files. The common
configuration items are configured in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. A separate [Target] section does not exist, since no
target-specific options may be configured.
Target units do not offer any additional functionality on top of the generic functionality provided by units. They exist merely to group
units via dependencies (useful as boot targets), and to establish standardized names for synchronization points used in dependencies
between units. Among other things, target units are a more flexible replacement for SysV runlevels in the classic SysV init system. (And
for compatibility reasons special target units such as runlevel3.target exist which are used by the SysV runlevel compatibility code in
systemd. See systemd.special(7) for details).
IMPLICIT DEPENDENCIES
There are no implicit dependencies for target units.
DEFAULT DEPENDENCIES
The following dependencies are added unless DefaultDependencies=no is set:
o Target units will automatically complement all configured dependencies of type Wants= or Requires= with dependencies of type After=
unless DefaultDependencies=no is set in the specified units. Note that Wants= or Requires= must be defined in the target unit itself --
if you for example define Wants=some.target in some.service, the automatic ordering will not be added.
o Target units automatically gain Conflicts= dependency against shutdown.target.
EXAMPLE
Example 1. Simple standalone target
# emergency-net.target
[Unit]
Description=Emergency Mode with Networking
Requires=emergency.target systemd-networkd.service
After=emergency.target systemd-networkd.service
AllowIsolate=yes
When adding dependencies to other units, it's important to check if they set DefaultDependencies=. Service units, unless they set
DefaultDependencies=no, automatically get a dependency on sysinit.target. In this case, both emergency.target and systemd-networkd.service
have DefaultDependencies=no, so they are suitable for use in this target, and do not pull in sysinit.target.
You can now switch into this emergency mode by running systemctl isolate emergency-net.target or by passing the option
systemd.unit=emergency-net.target on the kernel command line.
Other units can have WantedBy=emergency-net.target in the [Install] section. After they are enabled using systemctl enable, they will be
started before emergency-net.target is started. It is also possible to add arbitrary units as dependencies of emergency.target without
modifying them by using systemctl add-wants.
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemctl(1), systemd.unit(5), systemd.special(7), systemd.directives(7)
systemd 237 SYSTEMD.TARGET(5)