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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers A question about Unix Architecture. Post 302688031 by jim mcnamara on Friday 17th of August 2012 12:24:21 PM
Old 08-17-2012
Another way to look at UNIX/Linux:

A range of scale from small to ridiculous:
It runs some kids toys, your refrigerator, your android, your car, most electric utility billing systems, and very LARGE computer clusters that have thousands of individual computers working on a single problem.

Some of the world's fastest installations are UNIX/Linux clusters.

So it is literally everywhere.
 

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PERF_3.2-LIST(1)						    perf Manual 						  PERF_3.2-LIST(1)

NAME
perf-list - List all symbolic event types SYNOPSIS
perf list [hw|sw|cache|tracepoint|event_glob] DESCRIPTION
This command displays the symbolic event types which can be selected in the various perf commands with the -e option. EVENT MODIFIERS
Events can optionally have a modifer by appending a colon and one or more modifiers. Modifiers allow the user to restrict when events are counted with u for user-space, k for kernel, h for hypervisor. The p modifier can be used for specifying how precise the instruction address should be. The p modifier is currently only implemented for Intel PEBS and can be specified multiple times: 0 - SAMPLE_IP can have arbitrary skid 1 - SAMPLE_IP must have constant skid 2 - SAMPLE_IP requested to have 0 skid 3 - SAMPLE_IP must have 0 skid The PEBS implementation now supports up to 2. RAW HARDWARE EVENT DESCRIPTOR
Even when an event is not available in a symbolic form within perf right now, it can be encoded in a per processor specific way. For instance For x86 CPUs NNN represents the raw register encoding with the layout of IA32_PERFEVTSELx MSRs (see [Intel(R) 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 3B: System Programming Guide] Figure 30-1 Layout of IA32_PERFEVTSELx MSRs) or AMD's PerfEvtSeln (see [AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming], Page 344, Figure 13-7 Performance Event-Select Register (PerfEvtSeln)). Example: If the Intel docs for a QM720 Core i7 describe an event as: Event Umask Event Mask Num. Value Mnemonic Description Comment A8H 01H LSD.UOPS Counts the number of micro-ops Use cmask=1 and delivered by loop stream detector invert to count cycles raw encoding of 0x1A8 can be used: perf stat -e r1a8 -a sleep 1 perf record -e r1a8 ... You should refer to the processor specific documentation for getting these details. Some of them are referenced in the SEE ALSO section below. OPTIONS
Without options all known events will be listed. To limit the list use: 1. hw or hardware to list hardware events such as cache-misses, etc. 2. sw or software to list software events such as context switches, etc. 3. cache or hwcache to list hardware cache events such as L1-dcache-loads, etc. 4. tracepoint to list all tracepoint events, alternatively use subsys_glob:event_glob to filter by tracepoint subsystems such as sched, block, etc. 5. If none of the above is matched, it will apply the supplied glob to all events, printing the ones that match. One or more types can be used at the same time, listing the events for the types specified. SEE ALSO
perf_3.2-stat(1), perf_3.2-top(1), perf_3.2-record(1), Intel(R) 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 3B: System Programming Guide[1], AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming[2] NOTES
1. Intel(R) 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual Volume 3B: System Programming Guide http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253669.pdf 2. AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 2: System Programming http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/24593.pdf perf 06/24/2012 PERF_3.2-LIST(1)
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