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Top Forums Shell Programming and Scripting '*' vs. '@' in Korn Shell Array Variables Post 302672495 by Clovis_Sangrail on Monday 16th of July 2012 12:08:29 PM
Old 07-16-2012
'*' vs. '@' in Korn Shell Array Variables

In order to use the shellcurses functions described at:

Shell Curses function library

I am learning about ksh, which has arrays. My trusty Kochan & Wood book says that for any Korn Shell array AR :

${AR[*]} expands to all the defined array elements, and

${#AR[*]} expands to the number of array elements.

But the example programs from the above website use '@' instead of '*' in the two expressions above. Both seem to work. My sample program:

Code:
#!/usr/bin/ksh93.att
source /home/lc25487/ksh/shellcurses.ksh
 
MENU[0]="First Menu Line"
MENU[1]="Second Menu Line"
MENU[2]="Third Menu Line"
ITEMCNT=${#MENU[@]}
ITEMCNTSTAR=${#MENU[*]}
ALLITEMS="${MENU[@]}"
ALLITEMSSTAR="${MENU[*]}"
echo
echo ITEMCNT = $ITEMCNT
echo ITEMCNTSTAR = $ITEMCNTSTAR
echo ALLITEMS = $ALLITEMS
echo ALLITEMSSTAR = $ALLITEMSSTAR
echo

produces the following output (on AIX 6.1):

==========
lipossrp01ga:/home/lc25487/ksh $ ./t2.ksh

ITEMCNT = 3
ITEMCNTSTAR = 3
ALLITEMS = First Menu Line Second Menu Line Third Menu Line
ALLITEMSSTAR = First Menu Line Second Menu Line Third Menu Line

lipossrp01ga:/home/lc25487/ksh $
==========

What (if anything} is the difference between the usage of @ or * ?
 

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Menu::Item(3)						User Contributed Perl Documentation					     Menu::Item(3)

NAME
Tk::Menu::Item - Base class for Menu items SYNOPSIS
require Tk::Menu::Item; my $but = $menu->Button(...); $but->configure(...); my $what = $but->cget(); package Whatever; require Tk::Menu::Item; @ISA = qw(Tk::Menu::Item); sub PreInit { my ($class,$menu,$info) = @_; $info->{'-xxxxx'} = ... my $y = delete $info->{'-yyyy'}; } DESCRIPTION
Tk::Menu::Item is the base class from which Tk::Menu::Button, Tk::Menu::Cascade, Tk::Menu::Radiobutton and Tk::Menu::Checkbutton are derived. There is also a Tk::Menu::Separator. Constructors are declared so that $menu->Button(...) etc. do what you would expect. The "-label" option is pre-processed allowing ~ to be prefixed to the character to derive a "-underline" value. Thus $menu->Button(-label => 'Goto ~Home',...) is equivalent to $menu->Button(-label => 'Goto Home', -underline => 6, ...) The "Cascade" menu item creates a sub-menu and accepts these options: -menuitems A list of items for the sub-menu. Within this list (which is also accepted by Menu and Menubutton) the first two elements of each item should be the "constructor" name and the label: -menuitems => [ [Button => '~Quit', -command => [destroy => $mw]], [Checkbutton => '~Oil', -variable => $oil], ] -postcommand A callback to be invoked before posting the menu. -tearoff Specifies whether sub-menu can be torn-off or not. -menuvar Scalar reference that will be set to the newly-created sub-menu. The returned object is currently a blessed reference to an array of two items: the containing Menu and the 'label'. Methods "configure" and "cget" are mapped onto underlying "entryconfigure" and "entrycget". The main purpose of the OO interface is to allow derived item classes to be defined which pre-set the options used to create a more basic item. BUGS
This OO interface is very new. Using the label as the "key" is a problem for separaror items which don't have one. The alternative would be to use an index into the menu but that is a problem if items are deleted (or inserted other than at the end). There should probably be a PostInit entry point too, or a more widget like defered 'configure'. perl v5.16.3 2014-06-10 Menu::Item(3)
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