I am trying to measure the speed of reading a given block size using the dd command. However depending on which input I use: a regular file (on the same device) or /dev/sdb1, I get some really different results.
Note:
- Freshly formated ext4
ATA device, with non-removable media
Transport: Serial, SATA Rev 3.0
- I did the same experiment with varying blocksizes, and up to 128K the phenomena is the same.
- The file pirate is 100G and filefrag reports: 57 extents found
Questions:
- Is this normal?
- I am wondering if the speed of repositioning the disk head to the beginning of a device is fast comparing to any file offset movement. because reading 512B should be elementary ...
Thanks a lot
Last edited by methyl; 07-03-2012 at 07:36 PM..
Reason: please use code tags
Hi ......
I have file system problem when i try to mount get the following message :
mount: /dev/rdsk/c1t4d0s7 not a block device ....
I run fsck it's ok ,,,, after run
newfs -N /dev/dsk/c1t4d0s7 and
fsck -o b=535952 /dev/dsk/c1t4d0s7 .............it's ok ........
At the and when i try... (2 Replies)
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I use CentOS
I talked with this guy who seems to think loop mounting a fs ext3 image on a directory, as opposed to just using the underlying filesystem, will work better as far as IO conflicts. I have no idea why this would be better? I haven't been able to contact him.
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Hello everyone
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Currently I am using this laborious command
lvdisplay | awk '/LV Path/ {p=$3} /LV Name/ {n=$3} /VG Name/ {v=$3} /Block device/ {d=$3; sub(".*:", "/dev/dm-", d); printf "%s\t%s\t%s\n", p, "/dev/mapper/"v"-"n, d}'
Would like to know if there is any shorter method to get this mapping of... (2 Replies)
Mac Version 10.15.2 (macOS Catalina)
Does anyone know how to change the name of a connected bluetooth device from the command line on macOS?
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Discussion started by: Neo
0 Replies
LEARN ABOUT SUSE
raw
RAW(8) System Manager's Manual RAW(8)NAME
raw - bind a Linux raw character device
SYNOPSIS
raw /dev/raw/raw<N> <major> <minor>
raw /dev/raw/raw<N> /dev/<blockdev>
raw -q /dev/raw/raw<N>
raw -qa
DESCRIPTION
raw is used to bind a Linux raw character device to a block device. Any block device may be used: at the time of binding, the device
driver does not even have to be accessible (it may be loaded on demand as a kernel module later).
raw is used in two modes: it either sets raw device bindings, or it queries existing bindings. When setting a raw device, /dev/raw/raw<N>
is the device name of an existing raw device node in the filesystem. The block device to which it is to be bound can be specified either
in terms of its major and minor device numbers, or as a path name /dev/<blockdev> to an existing block device file.
The bindings already in existence can be queried with the -q option, with is used either with a raw device filename to query that one
device, or with the -a option to query all bound raw devices.
Unbinding can be done by specifying major and minor 0.
Once bound to a block device, a raw device can be opened, read and written, just like the block device it is bound to. However, the raw
device does not behave exactly like the block device. In particular, access to the raw device bypasses the kernel's block buffer cache
entirely: all I/O is done directly to and from the address space of the process performing the I/O. If the underlying block device driver
can support DMA, then no data copying at all is required to complete the I/O.
Because raw I/O involves direct hardware access to a process's memory, a few extra restrictions must be observed. All I/Os must be cor-
rectly aligned in memory and on disk: they must start at a sector offset on disk, they must be an exact number of sectors long, and the
data buffer in virtual memory must also be aligned to a multiple of the sector size. The sector size is 512 bytes for most devices.
OPTIONS -q Set query mode. raw will query an existing binding instead of setting a new one.
-a With -q , specifies that all bound raw devices should be queried.
-h provides a usage summary.
BUGS
The Linux dd (1) command should be used without bs= option or the blocksize needs to be a multiple of the sector size of the device (512
bytes usually) otherwise it will fail with "Invalid Argument" messages (EINVAL).
Raw I/O devices do not maintain cache coherency with the Linux block device buffer cache. If you use raw I/O to overwrite data already in
the buffer cache, the buffer cache will no longer correspond to the contents of the actual storage device underneath. This is deliberate,
but is regarded either a bug or a feature depending on who you ask!
AUTHOR
Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com)
AVAILABILITY
The raw command is part of the util-linux-ng package and is available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux-ng/.
Version 0.1 Aug 1999 RAW(8)