refer(1)						      General Commands Manual							  refer(1)

Name
       refer - find and format bibliographic references

Syntax
       refer [-a] [-b] [-c] [-e] [-fn] [-kx] [-lm,n] [-n] [-p bib] [-skeys] [-Bl.m] [-P] [-S] [file...]

Description
       The  command  is  a preprocessor for that finds and formats references for footnotes or endnotes.  It is also the base for a series of pro-
       grams designed to index, search, sort, and print stand-alone bibliographies, or other data entered in the appropriate form.

       Given an incomplete citation with sufficiently precise keywords, will search a bibliographic database for references containing these  key-
       words  anywhere	in  the title, author, journal, and so forth.  The input file (or standard input) is copied to standard output, except for
       lines between .[ and .] delimiters, which are assumed to contain keywords, and are replaced by information from the bibliographic database.
       The user may also search different databases, override particular fields, or add new fields.  The reference data, from whatever source, are
       assigned to a set of strings.  Macro packages such as print the finished reference text from these  strings.   By  default  references  are
       flagged by footnote numbers.

Options
       The following options are available:

       -ar	   Reverses  order  of first author names. For example, Jones, J. A. instead of J. A. Jones.  If n is omitted all author names are
		   reversed.

       -Bl.m	   Bibliography mode.  Take a file composed of records separated by blank lines, and turn them	into  *roff  input.   Label  l	is
		   turned into the macro .m with l defaulting to %X and .m defaulting to .AP (annotation paragraph).

       -b	   Creates bare entries:  no flags, numbers, or labels.

       -ckeys	   Capitalizes fields whose key letters are in string.

       -e	   Accumulates	all  references  in one list.  Default is to create references where encountered in text.  Accumulate them until a
		   sequence of the form
		     .[
		     $LIST$
		     .]
		   is encountered, and then write out all references collected so far.

       -fn	   Set the footnote number to n instead of the default of 1 (one).  With labels rather than numbers, this flag is a no-op.

       -kx	   Uses specified label in place of numbering for each reference data line beginning % x :.  By default x is L.

       -lm,n	   Instead of numbering references, use labels made from the senior author's last name and the	year  of  publication.	 Only  the
		   first  m  letters  of the last name and the last n digits of the date are used.  If either m or n is omitted the entire name or
		   date respectively is used.

       -P	   Places punctuation marks .,:;?! after the reference signal, rather than before.  (Periods and  commas  used	to  be	done  with
		   strings.)

       -n	   Do  not search the default file /usr/dict/papers/Ind.  If there is a REFER environment variable, the specified file is searched
		   instead of the default file; in this case the -n flag has no effect.

       -pbib	   Specifies file to be searched before

       -S	   Produce references in the Natural or Social Science format.

       -skeys	   Uses specified key in sorting references.  Implies -e.  The key-letters in keys may be followed by a  number  to  indicate  how
		   many  such  fields  are used, with + taken as a very large number.  The default is AD which sorts on the senior author and then
		   date; to sort, for example, on all authors and then title use -sA+T.

       To use your own references, put them in the format described below.  They can be searched more rapidly by  running  on  them  before  using
       Failure to index results in a linear search.  When is used with the or preprocessors should be first, to minimize the volume of data passed
       through pipes.

       The preprocessor and associated programs expect input from a file of references composed of records separated by blank lines.  A record	is
       a set of lines (fields), each containing one kind of information.  Fields start on a line beginning with a ``%'', followed by a key-letter,
       then a blank, and finally the contents of the field, and continue until the next line starting with ``%''.  The output ordering and format-
       ting  of  fields is controlled by the macros specified for (for footnotes and endnotes) or (for stand-alone bibliographies).  For a list of
       the most common key-letters and their corresponding fields, see An example of a entry is given below.

Restrictions
       Blank spaces at the end of lines in bibliography fields will cause the records to sort and reverse incorrectly.	Sorting large  numbers	of
       references causes a core dump.

Examples
       %A   M. E. Lesk
       %T   Some Applications of Inverted Indexes on the UNIX System
       %B   UNIX Programmer's Manual
       %V   2b
       %I   Bell Laboratories
       %C   Murray Hill, NJ
       %D   1978

Files
       directory of default publication lists

       directory of companion programs

See Also
       addbib(1), sortbib(1), roffbib(1), indxbib(1), lookbib(1)

																	  refer(1)