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Full Discussion: xargs vs. pipe
Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers xargs vs. pipe Post 302635183 by neutronscott on Friday 4th of May 2012 11:00:11 AM
Old 05-04-2012
pipes connect output of one command to input of another.

xargs is used to build commands. so if a command needs argument passed instead of input on stdin you use xargs... the default command is echo (vbe's example). it breaks spaces and newlines and i avoid it for this reason when working with files.

Code:
$ printf '%s\n' file1 file2 file3 | xargs touch
$ ls file?
file1  file2  file3

 

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PKLA-ADMIN-IDENTIT(8)					       pkla-admin-identities					     PKLA-ADMIN-IDENTIT(8)

NAME
pkla-admin-identities - List pklocalauthority-configured polkit administrators SYNOPSIS
pkla-admin-identities [--help] pkla-admin-identities [--config-path config-path] DESCRIPTION
pkla-admin-identities interprets configuration files described below to determine which users polkit(8) considers administrators, using a non-JavaScript configuration file format described below. Note: Determining which users are considered administrators is driven by JavaScript rules as described in polkit(8). pkla-admin-identities is called by a JavaScript rule file named 49-polkit-pkla-compat.rules; other JavaScript rules with a higher priority may exist, so the pkla-admin-identities configuration may not necessarily govern the final decision by polkit(8). The ordering of the JavaScript rule files and the ordering of pkla-admin-identities configuration files is not integrated and uses different rules; the pkla-admin-identities configuration evaluation is happens at a single point within the JavaScript rule evaluation order. pkla-admin-identities is an internal helper program of pkla-polkit-compat. You shouldn't need to run it directly, except for debugging purposes. Configuration is read from files with a .conf extension in the /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d directory. All files are read in lexicographical order (using the C locale), meaning that later files can override earlier ones. The file 50-localauthority.conf contains the settings provided by the OS vendor. Users and 3rd party packages can drop configuration files with a priority higher than 60 to change the defaults. The configuration file format is simple. Each configuration file is a key file (also commonly known as a ini file) with a single group called [Configuration]. Only a single key, AdminIdentities is read. The value of this key is a semi-colon separated list of identities that can be used when administrator authentication is required. Users are specified by prefixing the user name with unix-user:, groups of users are specified by prefixing with unix-group:, and netgroups of users are specified with unix-netgroup:. See the section called "EXAMPLE" for an example of a configuration file. pkla-admin-identities outputs the resulting configuration of administrator identities, one identity per line, using the same format (including e.g. the unix-user: prefix). If no administrator identities are configured in the above-described configuration files, the output will be empty. OPTIONS
-h, --help Write a summary of the available options to standard output and exit successfully. -c, --config-path=config-path Search for configuration files in config-path instead of the default /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d. EXIT STATUS
pkla-admin-identities exits with 0 on success (even if there are no administrator identities), and a non-zero status on error. FILES
/etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d Default directory containing configuration files. EXAMPLE
The following .conf file [Configuration] AdminIdentities=unix-group:staff specifies that any user in the staff UNIX group can be used for authentication when administrator authentication is needed. This file would typically be installed in the /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d directory and given the name 60-desktop-policy.conf to ensure that it is evaluated after the 50-localauthority.conf file shipped with pkla-polkit-compat. If the local administrator wants to override this (suppose 60-desktop-policy.conf was shipped as part of the OS) he can simply create a file 99-my-admin-configuration.conf with the following content [Configuration] AdminIdentities=unix-user:lisa;unix-user:marge to specify that only the users lisa and marge can authenticate when administrator authentication is needed. AUTHOR
Written by David Zeuthen <davidz@redhat.com> with a lot of help from many others. Adapted by Miloslav Trma <mitr@redhat.com>. SEE ALSO
polkit(8) polkit-pkla-compat May 2013 PKLA-ADMIN-IDENTIT(8)
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