04-12-2012
We have one NTP server on the Intranet which has an external connection through the firewall to multiple time servers on the Internet. This is not perfect but it works. For resilience we should have at least two more time servers such that the NTP algorithms can determine the correct time.
One basic point about using NTP is that you should run your server clock in UTC and ensure that the correct $TZ (timezone) variable is set for any processes run by users or background processes.
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LEARN ABOUT LINUX
ntptrace
NTPTRACE(1) General Commands Manual NTPTRACE(1)
NAME
ntptrace - trace a chain of NTP servers back to the primary source
SYNOPSIS
ntptrace [ -n ] [ server ]
DESCRIPTION
ntptrace determines where a given Network Time Protocol (NTP) server gets its time from, and follows the chain of NTP servers back to their
master time source. If given no arguments, it starts with localhost. Here is an example of the output from ntptrace:
% ntptrace
localhost: stratum 4, offset 0.0019529, synch distance 0.144135
server2ozo.com: stratum 2, offset 0.0124263, synch distance 0.115784
usndh.edu: stratum 1, offset 0.0019298, synch distance 0.011993, refid 'WWVB'
On each line, the fields are (left to right): the host name, the host stratum, the time offset between that host and the local host (as
measured by ntptrace; this is why it is not always zero for "localhost"), the host synchronization distance, and (only for stratum-1
servers) the reference clock ID. All times are given in seconds. Note that the stratum is the server hop count to the primary source, while
the synchronization distance is the estimated error relative to the primary source. These terms are precisely defined in RFC-1305.
OPTIONS
-d Turns on some debugging output.
-n Turns off the printing of host names; instead, host IP addresses are given. This may be useful if a nameserver is down.
-r retries
Sets the number of retransmission attempts for each host (default = 5).
-t timeout
Sets the retransmission timeout (in seconds) (default = 2).
-v Prints verbose information about the NTP servers.
BUGS
This program makes no attempt to improve accuracy by doing multiple samples.
Network Time Protocol October 7, 2006 NTPTRACE(1)