12-07-2011
Definition I found with Google:
Internal Fragmentation is the term used to describe disk space which is allocated to a file but unused because the file is smaller than the allocated space.
As you again omit to mention what Operating System and version you have, and what Filesystem Type you have (e.g. UFS, VxFS , whatever) all answers can only be general.
Comparing the output from "du -s" with the total of the sizes of the files as reported by "ls -la" demonstrates the discrepancy.
Proprietary software may well provide better tools. Depends what you have.
It's a real problem on Windows systems with large discs and large numbers of small files. A disc upgrade can actually reduce the amount of free space!
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df_vxfs(1M) df_vxfs(1M)
NAME
df_vxfs: df - report number of free disk blocks on a VxFS file system
SYNOPSIS
[special|directory]...
DESCRIPTION
prints the number of free blocks and free inodes in VxFS file systems or directories based on the counts kept in the super-blocks.
VxFS dynamically allocates inodes from a pool of free blocks. The number of free inodes and blocks reported by is an estimate based on the
number of free 8K or larger extents and the current ratio of allocated inodes to allocated blocks. (Extents smaller than 8K may not be
usable for all types of allocation, so does not count free blocks in extents smaller than 8K.) Allocating additional blocks may therefore
decrease the count of free inodes and vice versa.
If the operand to is a special device name, the file system can be an unmounted or mounted file system (for example, If you specify a
directoryname, displays information for the file system at that mount point. If neither special nor directory is specified, the free space
on all of the mounted file systems is printed.
Options
recognizes the following options:
Report only the number of kilobytes free.
Report the number of files free.
Report only an actual count of the blocks in the free list
(free inodes are not reported). When this option is specified, reports on raw devices.
Specify the file system type
Report the entire
statvfs(2) structure.
Report the total number of inodes, the number of free inodes, number of used inodes
and the percentage of inodes in use.
Report the allocation in kilobytes.
Report on local file systems only.
Report the file system name. If invoked with no other options this
option prints a list of mounted file system types.
Print the number of free extents of each size.
Free extents are always an integral power of two in length, ranging from a minimum of one block to the maximum extent
size supported by the file system.
Report the total allocated block figures and the number of free blocks.
Report the percentage of blocks used, the number of blocks used and the number
of blocks free. This option cannot be used with other options.
Echo the completed command line, but performs no other action.
The command line is generated by incorporating the user-specified options and other information derived from This
option allows the user to verify the command line.
There are a number of options that specify output formats, some combinations of which are incompatible. If an incompatible combination is
specified, one of the options will override the other(s).
Operands
recognizes the following operands:
directory Name of the mount point from which the VxFS file system is accessed.
special Device name, which contains a mounted or unmounted VxFS file system.
EXAMPLES
Report the number of free disk blocks for all mounted file systems:
Report the number of free extents of each size, for all mounted VxFS file systems:
Report the number of free files for all mounted VxFS file systems:
Report the total allocated block figures and the number of free blocks, for all mounted file systems:
Report the total allocated block figures and the number of free blocks, for the file system mounted as
FILES
File-system devices.
File-system devices.
Static information about the file systems.
mounted-file-system table.
SEE ALSO
du(1), df(1M), fsck_vxfs(1M), statvfs(2), fs_vxfs(4), mnttab(4).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
: SVID2, XPG2, XPG3
df_vxfs(1M)