11-07-2011
Quote:
Originally Posted by
kkalyan
last utemp
wtmp begins Mon Jun 25 14:57
What does it mean?
can you please suggest me any unix books iam new to unix
Thanks in advance
Nothing it just says that
wtmp file
begins at
Mon Jun 25 14:57. the usually located in the following path
/var/adm/wtmp
Please note that the output came from issuing the command
last utemp this doesn't mean that
last has read the
utemp file you need to specify the full path you can either read it by the command
cat or any other text viewer if it's not a binary file.
For books have a look
here
But I strongly recommend
UNIX And Linux System Administration Handbook 3rd and
4th Editions
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LEARN ABOUT MINIX
getpwent
GETPWENT(3) Library Functions Manual GETPWENT(3)
NAME
getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, setpwent, endpwent, setpwfile - password file routines
SYNOPSIS
#include <pwd.h>
struct passwd *getpwent(void)
struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name)
struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid)
int setpwent(void)
void endpwent(void)
void setpwfile(const char *file)
DESCRIPTION
These functions are used to obtain information from the password file. They return this information in a struct passwd as defined by
<pwd.h>:
struct passwd {
char *pw_name; /* login name */
char *pw_passwd; /* encrypted password */
uid_t pw_uid; /* numeric user id */
gid_t pw_gid; /* numeric group id */
char *pw_gecos; /* user full name and other info */
char *pw_dir; /* user's home directory */
char *pw_shell; /* name of the user's shell */
};
Getpwent() reads the password file entry by entry. Getpwnam() scans the entire password file for the user with the given name. Getpwuid()
looks for the first user with the given uid. The setpwent() and endpwent() functions are used to open and later close the password file.
With setpwfile() one can specify the file to read other than the normal password file. This only sets the name, the next setpwent() call
will open the file. Do not touch the file name while it is active. Use setpwfile(NULL) to revert back to the normal password file.
The usual way to scan the password file is (error checking omitted):
setpwent();
while ((pw = getpwent()) != NULL)
if (appropriate_test(pw)) break;
endpwent();
The pw variable contains the entry that is wanted if non-NULL. The getpwnam() and getpwuid() functions are implemented as in this example,
with error checking of course.
Getpwent() calls setpwent() if this has not yet been done. Setpwent() first calls endpwent() if the password file is still open. (Other
implementations may simply rewind the file.)
FILES
/etc/passwd The password file database.
SEE ALSO
cuserid(3), getlogin(3), getgrent(3), passwd(5).
DIAGNOSTICS
Setpwent() has the same return value and error codes as the open(2) call it uses to open the password file. The getxxx() functions return
NULL on end of file, entry not found, or error. You can set errno to zero before the call and check it after.
NOTES
All getxxx() routines return a pointer to static storage that is overwritten in each call.
Only getpwnam() and getpwuid() are defined by POSIX. The _MINIX_SOURCE macro must be defined before including <pwd.h> to make the other
functions visible. The pw_passwd and pw_gecos fields are also not defined by POSIX, but are always visible. Portable code cannot reliably
detect errors by setting errno to zero. Under Minix it is better to make a getpwent() scan if you need to look up several user-id's or
names, but portable code had better use several getpwuid() or getpwnam() calls. The getpwent() is usually available on other systems, but
may be very expensive.
AUTHOR
Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)
GETPWENT(3)