1. "X Window System" provides basic access to GUI on unix/linux systems
This GUI can be :
- Desktop (gnome, kde)
- Pure window manager
- basic desktop like CDE
There are no fundamental difference between all of these. There is a window manager and optional clients.
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2. Normally when we boot the system the X window system is read from some config file and the display is set and then the desktop shows up (either gnome or kde) -- we never realize the process because they are in background (process of X window start up and configuration)
where these config files are located? or one file only?
Not a single file but dozens. Where they are located depends.
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3. But when we do not have any desktop like gnome or kde. and we only have shell prompt after booting the system, its time to start the X window manually (Am I right?)
It's up to you.
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if we do not have the X server installed, we should install it? in each distro it has a different package naming?
Yes, and you probably want more packages than the raw X server.
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after making sure the X window installed... (How to make sure we do have X window? let's say in redhat!)
Use your package manager.
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4. then we should initialize it first by "xinit" ???? (Am I correct)
if we are running window manager we shoudl do this:
xinit -e <absolute path to WM>
If xinit is installed and properly configured, it will launch the X server and at least a client. You can set it up to your needs in the ~/.xinirc file.
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5. after xinit we should start the server X by "startx" ????
No, xinit launch the X server, startx is a front end to xinit.
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6. setting the display? what is this display? i can not communicate with this word!!! nobody has explained me anything, and while googling I just grab ideas!!! I dont have a robust understanding from this display setting.
X11 is designed to support multiple X servers per machine, multiple screens per X server and clients connecting from remote machines. There must be a way to define where a client should display its windows and things. This is the DISPLAY variable which has the form machine:server.screen .
If you are connecting locally, without using the network, you can omit the left part (machine) or use localhost.
If only one server is running, likely your case, server is 0. If you have only one screen, likely your case too, screen can be omitted.
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then how to export it?
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for the above 4,5,6 we can write them down into xinitrc file in home? and then we dont have to run them every time we boot the system? Right?
Having a custom xinitrc is unrelated to the automatic X11 startup.
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<< the window x system can only be access locally? right? I can not remote it via putty and try to run it? or set it? right? (again I have to apologize because not a good understanding)
You can access X11 remotely, set it up and run it through putty, although you wouldn't see anything graphic in your terminal emulator.
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How to stop the window manager?
That depends on how it was launched. In some cases, killing it will finish your X11 session as a consequence.
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should I kill the process? and then kill the X window?
the process name is xinit?
This isn't something you should routinely do.
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what can I do to automate all these steps. when I press the button of power-on on my laptop, I want to get my X started and my window manager started as well. is that possible?
Sure, that's the default behavior of most Linux and Unix systems.
I'm currently using Gnome as my desktop environment (DE) but it's going kind of slow.
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