ppp_manual_setup(7)					 Miscellaneous Information Manual				       ppp_manual_setup(7)

NAME

       ppp_manual_setup - Describes how to manually set up Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) connections

DESCRIPTION

       The  Point-to-Point  Protocol  (PPP) provides a standard way to transmit IP datagrams over a serial link and a standard way for the systems
       (peers) at either end of the link to negotiate various optional characteristics of the link.  Using PPP, a  serial  link  can  be  used	to
       transmit Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, allowing TCP/IP connections between the peers.

       Note that although you do not use a network interface with PPP, you must have a network interface configured on your system for the network
       daemons (such as nfsd and rwhod) to run properly.  The network interface must be configured with a new IPv4 address.  For example,  if  you
       have  a personal computer that you use at home and in the office, do not use the same IPv4 address for the network interface at home as you
       use in the office.

Managing Routing
       You can use the gated daemon to manage IPv4 routing and the ip6rtrd daemon to manage IPv6 routing, if you are not using the PPP	connection
       solely to communicate between the two systems making the connection.

       If  you plan to use a system as an IP router, it must be configured to allow the forwarding of IP packets.  For more information on setting
       a system up as an IP router, see the Network Administration manual and iprsetup(8).

PPP Physical Connections
       You can connect systems either directly to each other (using a null modem), if they are in close proximity, or over telephone  lines  using
       modems, if they are not.

       If you connect the systems directly, use a null modem cable, such as Compaq BC22D-xx (where xx varies depending on the length of the cable)
       to connect the serial ports on the two hosts.  The maximum length of this type of connection is defined by the RS-232 standard.

       If the systems are not in close proximity to each other, you can connect them using telephone line and modems. To use this kind of  connec-
       tion,  attach  a  modem to a serial port on both hosts so that the two hosts can establish a serial connection between them. You can use an
       RS-232 cable connected to the serial port on the host. This cable must be a straight-through cable such as Compaq BC22E-xx or BC22F-xx  and
       the modems must be set to 8 bit, no parity.

Modems
       PPP  works  best  when hardware flow control is used.  High speed modems often fall-back to a lower data rate when line degradation occurs.
       To support hardware flow control you must use cables with a sufficient number of wires for full modem control.  DECconnect  cables  do  not
       provide a sufficient number of wires.  Therefore, do not use them.  See modem(7) for a list of modem cables to use and modem guidelines.

									  Note
       Do  not	use  XON/XOFF  flow control.  It will corrupt the data stream causing the TCP layer over IP to issue retransmit requests for over-
       runs.

Authentication
       PPP provides three protocols for authenticating hosts and for authenticating your host system to others: Password  Authentication  Protocol
       (PAP) Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAP)

       All  protocols  exchange  secrets  in  order to complete the authentication process.  PAP secrets are contained in the /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
       file; CHAP secrets are contained in the /etc/ppp/chap-secrets file.  Only root should be able to read these files.

       The pap-secrets and chap-secrets files should have the following format: [client server secret[ip_address ...]  Name of the  machine  being
       authenticated.	Name of the machine requiring authentication.  Password or CHAP secret known by both client and server.  Zero or more IPv4
       addresses that the client may use (this field is used only on the server).

       The MS-CHAP protocol exchange secrets are located in the /etc/ppp/chap-secrets file.  The format for this protocol is as follows: [username
       server secret[] Name of the user to be authenticated.  Name of the machine requiring authentication.  Password or CHAP secret known by both
       client and server.  The /etc/ppp directory contains files of secrets used for authentication, and should not be	in  a  partition  that	is
       exported  using NFS and accessible to other hosts.  If authentication is required, the /etc/ppp/options file must contain the auth and use-
       hostname options.

Verifying PPP Support in the Kernel
       Verify that PPP is supported in the kernel by entering the following command: # sysconfig -s | grep ppp If it is not loaded and configured,
       do  the following: Log in as root.  Rebuild the kernel by running the doconfig program and selecting the Point-to-Point (PPP) option.  Make
       a backup copy of the current /vmunix file.  Copy the newly-created /sys/HOSTNAME/vmunix kernel file to the /vmunix file.  Reboot the system

PPP Connections
       A PPP connection between two systems involves setting up a serial link and running the PPP daemon, pppd, on both ends of the link.   Guide-
       lines  for  running  pppd are as follows: If you want to run IPv6 over PPP, set the Maximum Receive Unit (mru) parameter to 1280 or higher.
       See pppd(8) for more information.  If you want the interface ID for IPv6 over PPP to differ from the address for the local host's  Ethernet
       or  other broadcast interface, put the desired address on the pppd command line with a colon appended as follows: ip6cp-interface-id inter-
       face-id: If you want the local address of the PPP link to differ from the IPv4 address for the local host's  Ethernet  or  other  broadcast
       interface,  put the desired address on the pppd command line with a colon appended as follows: local_addr: Do not use ifconfig to configure
       the addresses of the PPP interface.  The pppd daemon assigns addresses and identifies the interface as active.  Whether you run pppd  manu-
       ally  on  the  remote  machine or use a script file on the local machine to run pppd on the remote machine, do not provide a device name to
       pppd; it uses the controlling tty by default.

       For information on pppd options, see pppd(8) and Network Administration.

Establishing a PPP Dial-out Connection
       To a PPP dial-out connection, do the following: Verify that you can communicate with the modem.	Do the	following:  Edit  the  /etc/remote
       file and copy the kdebug entry.	Modify the new entry, providing a system name for the entry, the correct Tru64 UNIX device (tty00 or tty01
       depending on your system), the correct baud rate, and correct parity.  See remote(4) for more information.  Use the tip command	to  access
       the modem as follows: % tip system_name system_name is the system name from the /etc/remote file.

									      Note
	      Be sure you do not have a getty process running on the port to which the modem is connected.

	      For  more  information on the tip command, see tip(1) and the Command and Shell User's Guide.  If your modem is using the AT command
	      language, enter the following command: AT <Return> If the modem is not in quiet mode, it responds with an OK message.   Contact  the
	      remote  system  administrator or your Internet Service Provider (ISP) and obtain the following information: Your remote IPv4 address
	      and netmask, unless the remote system assigns the IPv4 address dynamically (IPv4 over PPP only) Characters that  might  need  to	be
	      escaped Instructions on how to log in and use the remote service

	      This  information  is  used  to create a chat script, which automates the dial-out process.  Create a file for commands that the hat
	      program uses to direct the modem what number to dial and what to send the remote system in order to start pppd.  This file is called
	      a  chat  script.	Each entry in a chat script has the following format: [string_chat_expects string_chat_sends] See chat(8) for more
	      information on chat and chat scripts.  Edit the /etc/ppp/options file and include the pppd options as required by the remote  system
	      or  ISP.	 See pppd(8) for a complete list of pppd options.  See Network Administration for a sample /etc/ppp/options file for dial-
	      out access.  Edit the /etc/syslog.conf file and do the following: Add the local2 facility (used by pppd and chat) to the	line  that
	      specifies  /dev/console as the message destination as follows: kern.debug;local2.notice	  /dev/console In this example, the notice
	      level is specified.  Add the following entry to the file to create a ppp-log file: local2.debug			  /etc/ppp/ppp-log
	      Save the edits and close the file.

	      See  syslogd(8)  for more information.  Create the ppp-log file by issuing the following command: # touch /etc/ppp/ppp-log This file
	      must be created before the next step to ensure that PPP event logging is started.  Stop and start syslogd by entering the  following
	      commands:  #  /sbin/init.d/syslog  stop # /sbin/init.d/syslog start Invoke pppd on the local system to connect to the remote system.
	      For example, the following command starts a link on tty01 and specifies the connect option to run the chat program using the  speci-
	      fied chat script file.  % pppd /dev/tty01 38400 connect 'chat -v -f /etc/ppp/chat-script' Issue the following command to monitor the
	      ppp-log file and determine whether the PPP connection is active: % tail -f /etc/ppp/ppp-log If any problems occur while  using  PPP,
	      see the Network Administration manual.

Establishing a Dial-In Connection
       To  configure  a PPP dial-in system, complete the following steps: Set up your modem for dial-in accss.	See modem(7) for more information.
       Edit the /etc/passwd file and create a dedicated entry for a PPP user.  For the login shell field, specify /usr/sbin/startppp; for example:
       ppp1:password:10:20:Remote  PPP	User:/usr/users/guest:/usr/sbin/startppp  Edit the /etc/inittab file and create an entry for each terminal
       device that is to run PPP.  For example: modem:3:respawn:/usr/sbin/getty /dev/tty00 M38400 vt100

	      See inittab(4) for more information.  Issue the init q command to start the getty process immediately.  If  the  dial-in	system	is
	      going  to  be  a	gateway  for the dial-out system to reach other systems on the LAN, the dial-in system must be configured as an IP
	      router and must also run one of the following daemons: For IPv4 routing, run the gated daemon.  Edit the	/etc/gated.conf  file  and
	      delete  the  nobroadcast	option (if specified) in the rip statement.  See the Network Administration manual for basic network setup
	      information and gated.conf(4) for gated options.	For IPv6 routing, run the ip6rtrd daemon.  You must include the ppp  interface	in
	      the ip6rtrd.conf file.  See ip6_setup(8) for more information.  In addition, set the ipv6forwarding and ip6gateway kernel configura-
	      tion attributes to 1.  Edit the /etc/ppp/options file and include the pppd options required to support dial-in access for all remote
	      users.  See Network Administration for a sample /etc/ppp/options file for dial-in access.

	      If  you  want  to  specify  options  for each individual serial port, create a /etc/ppp/options.ttyxx file and include the remote IP
	      address and any other options that apply to that specific serial port.  See pppd(8) for a complete list of pppd options.	 After	an
	      incoming	call  is  received  and  a  connection	established,  startppp	runs  in  the background.  The process ID is logged in the
	      /etc/ppp/pppxx.pid file.

       If any problems occur while using PPP, see the Network Administration manual.

Stopping and Restarting PPP
       To terminate the PPP link, send a TERM or INTR signal to  one  of  the  pppd  daemons  by  issuing  the	following  command:  #	kill  `cat
       /etc/ppp/pppxx.pid`  In	this  command,	pppxx  specifies  the  pppd  used  for the PPP connection.  The pppd specified in the command also
       instructs other pppd daemons to terminate.

       If pppd is attached to a hardware serial port that is connected to a modem, the daemon should get a HUP signal when  the  modem	hangs  up,
       which will cause it to clean up and exit.  This action depends on the driver and its current settings.

RELATED INFORMATION

       Files: gated.conf(4), inittab(4), ip6rtrd.conf(4), remote(4).

       Daemons: ip6rtrd(8), nd6hostd(8), pppd(8), syslogd(8).

       Commands:  tip(1), chat(8), iprsetup(8), pppd(8), syslogd(8).

       Networks: modem(7).

       Network Administration

       RFC 1332, "The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)", G. McGregor

       RFC 1334, "PPP Authentication Protocols", B. Lloyd, W. Simpson

       RFC 1661, "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", W. Simpson

       RFC 1662, "PPP in HDLC-like Framing", W. Simpson

       RFC 2461, "Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", T. Narten, E. Nordmark, and W. A. Simpson.

       RFC 2472, "IP Version 6 over PPP" delim off

															       ppp_manual_setup(7)