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Full Discussion: Is Kernel module is the same as a device driver?
Operating Systems Linux Fedora Is Kernel module is the same as a device driver? Post 302520398 by Corona688 on Friday 6th of May 2011 10:13:43 PM
Old 05-06-2011
Quote:
Originally Posted by newlinuxuser1
When I mentioned Windows, I had in mind a different chain Smilie. In Windows from device manager you can clearly identify all hardware and follow the chain to a driver, its resources etc. Apparently Windows uses a different design. The point is, that in windows it's all very visual, so it is easy to follow, even if its internal design is flowed. It is amazing how much I learned about system at this point!
Whereas Linux is very file-oriented, and makes much of this information available via /sys and /proc instead.

Code:
# cat /proc/interrupts
           CPU0       CPU1       
  0:        145         69   IO-APIC-edge      timer
  1:        152      48712   IO-APIC-edge      i8042
  8:          0         51   IO-APIC-edge      rtc0
  9:        123      20212   IO-APIC-fasteoi   acpi
 12:       1521     503376   IO-APIC-edge      i8042
 16:       2247     262236   IO-APIC-fasteoi   ohci_hcd:usb3, ohci_hcd:usb4, hda_intel
 17:       5364     885282   IO-APIC-fasteoi   ehci_hcd:usb1, eth1
 18:        547     148897   IO-APIC-fasteoi   ohci_hcd:usb5, ohci_hcd:usb6, ohci_hcd:usb7, radeon@pci:0000:01:05.0
 19:          0         28   IO-APIC-fasteoi   ehci_hcd:usb2
 22:       1023     116912   IO-APIC-fasteoi   ahci
 27:          0          0   PCI-MSI-edge      eth0
NMI:          0          0   Non-maskable interrupts
LOC:   10791262   10628986   Local timer interrupts
SPU:          0          0   Spurious interrupts
PMI:          0          0   Performance monitoring interrupts
PND:          0          0   Performance pending work
RES:    2676499    2454427   Rescheduling interrupts
CAL:        153        128   Function call interrupts
TLB:       2406      13489   TLB shootdowns
THR:          0          0   Threshold APIC interrupts
MCE:          0          0   Machine check exceptions
MCP:         69         69   Machine check polls
ERR:          0
MIS:          0
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: AuthenticAMD
cpu family	: 17
model		: 3
model name	: AMD Turion(tm) X2 Ultra Dual-Core Mobile ZM-82
stepping	: 1
cpu MHz		: 550.000
cache size	: 1024 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 2
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 2
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 1
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni cx16 lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy 3dnowprefetch osvw skinit lbrv svm_lock nrip_save
bogomips	: 4398.51
TLB size	: 1024 4K pages
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate

processor	: 1
vendor_id	: AuthenticAMD
cpu family	: 17
model		: 3
model name	: AMD Turion(tm) X2 Ultra Dual-Core Mobile ZM-82
stepping	: 1
cpu MHz		: 550.000
cache size	: 1024 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 2
core id		: 1
cpu cores	: 2
apicid		: 1
initial apicid	: 1
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 1
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni cx16 lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy 3dnowprefetch osvw skinit lbrv svm_lock nrip_save
bogomips	: 4398.70
TLB size	: 1024 4K pages
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate
# cat /proc/ioports
0000-0cf7 : PCI Bus 0000:00
  0000-001f : dma1
  0020-0021 : pic1
  0040-0043 : timer0
  0050-0053 : timer1
  0060-0060 : keyboard
  0064-0064 : keyboard
  0070-0071 : rtc0
  0080-008f : dma page reg
  00a0-00a1 : pic2
  00c0-00df : dma2
  00f0-00ff : fpu
  0170-0177 : 0000:00:14.1
  01f0-01f7 : 0000:00:14.1
  0376-0376 : 0000:00:14.1
  03c0-03df : vga+
  03f6-03f6 : 0000:00:14.1
  0400-04cf : pnp 00:09
    0400-0403 : ACPI PM1a_EVT_BLK
    0404-0405 : ACPI PM1a_CNT_BLK
    0408-040b : ACPI PM_TMR
    0410-0415 : ACPI CPU throttle
    0420-0427 : ACPI GPE0_BLK
  04d0-04d1 : pnp 00:09
  04d6-04d6 : pnp 00:09
  0680-06ff : pnp 00:09
  077a-077a : pnp 00:09
  0800-0800 : ACPI PM2_CNT_BLK
  0c00-0c01 : pnp 00:09
  0c14-0c14 : pnp 00:09
  0c50-0c52 : pnp 00:09
  0c6c-0c6c : pnp 00:09
  0c6f-0c6f : pnp 00:09
  0cd0-0cdb : pnp 00:09
0cf8-0cff : PCI conf1
0d00-ffff : PCI Bus 0000:00
  1000-1fff : PCI Bus 0000:80
  2000-2fff : PCI Bus 0000:09
    2000-20ff : 0000:09:00.0
      2000-20ff : r8169
  3000-4fff : PCI Bus 0000:02
  5000-5fff : PCI Bus 0000:01
    5000-50ff : 0000:01:05.0
  6000-600f : 0000:00:14.1
  6010-601f : 0000:00:11.0
    6010-601f : ahci
  6030-6037 : 0000:00:11.0
    6030-6037 : ahci
  6038-603f : 0000:00:11.0
    6038-603f : ahci
  6048-604b : 0000:00:11.0
    6048-604b : ahci
  604c-604f : 0000:00:11.0
    604c-604f : ahci
# dmesg | less
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6.34-gentoo-r6 (root@TheFuriousWeird) (gcc versio
n 4.4.3 (Gentoo 4.4.3-r2 p1.2) ) #3 SMP Thu Sep 23 08:23:15 CST 2010
[    0.000000] Command line: root=/dev/sda5
[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000afb8f000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afb8f000 - 00000000afc3c000 (ACPI NVS)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afc3c000 - 00000000afd70000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afd70000 - 00000000afdbf000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afdbf000 - 00000000afe58000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afe58000 - 00000000afebf000 (ACPI NVS)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afebf000 - 00000000afeee000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afeee000 - 00000000afeff000 (ACPI data)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000afeff000 - 00000000aff00000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000e4000000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  BIOS-e820: 0000000100000000 - 0000000140000000 (usable)
[    0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
[    0.000000] DMI 2.4 present.
[    0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000001000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
[    0.000000] e820 remove range: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000 (usable)
[    0.000000] No AGP bridge found
[    0.000000] last_pfn = 0x140000 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[    0.000000] MTRR default type: uncachable
[    0.000000] MTRR fixed ranges enabled:
[    0.000000]   00000-9FFFF write-back
[    0.000000]   A0000-FFFFF uncachable
[    0.000000] MTRR variable ranges enabled:
[    0.000000]   0 base 00FFF00000 mask FFFFF00000 write-protect
[    0.000000]   1 base 0000000000 mask FF80000000 write-back
[    0.000000]   2 base 0080000000 mask FFE0000000 write-back
[    0.000000]   3 base 00A0000000 mask FFF0000000 write-back
[    0.000000]   4 base 0100000000 mask FFC0000000 write-back
[    0.000000]   5 disabled
[    0.000000]   6 disabled
[    0.000000]   7 disabled
[    0.000000] TOM2: 0000000140000000 aka 5120M
[    0.000000] x86 PAT enabled: cpu 0, old 0x7040600070406, new 0x7010600070106
[    0.000000] last_pfn = 0xaff00 max_arch_pfn = 0x400000000
[    0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000001000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
[    0.000000] Scanning 1 areas for low memory corruption
[    0.000000] modified physical RAM map:
[    0.000000]  modified: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
[    0.000000]  modified: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 0000000000100000 - 00000000afb8f000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afb8f000 - 00000000afc3c000 (ACPI NVS)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afc3c000 - 00000000afd70000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afd70000 - 00000000afdbf000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afdbf000 - 00000000afe58000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afe58000 - 00000000afebf000 (ACPI NVS)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afebf000 - 00000000afeee000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afeee000 - 00000000afeff000 (ACPI data)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000afeff000 - 00000000aff00000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000e4000000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  modified: 0000000100000000 - 0000000140000000 (usable)
[    0.000000] initial memory mapped : 0 - 20000000
[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-00000000aff00000
[    0.000000]  0000000000 - 00afe00000 page 2M
[    0.000000]  00afe00000 - 00aff00000 page 4k
[    0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to aff00000 @ 16000-1b000
[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000100000000-0000000140000000
[    0.000000]  0100000000 - 0140000000 page 2M
[    0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 140000000 @ 19000-1f000
[    0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 00000000000fe020 00024 (v02 HP    )
[    0.000000] ACPI: XSDT 00000000afefe120 0005C (v01 HPQOEM SLIC-MPC 00000003      01000013)
[    0.000000] ACPI: FACP 00000000afefd000 000F4 (v04 HP     3045     00000003 MSFT 0100000D)
[    0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 00000000afef1000 0850E (v01 HP     3045     F0000000 INTL 20051117)
[    0.000000] ACPI: FACS 00000000afe61000 00040
[    0.000000] ACPI: HPET 00000000afefc000 00038 (v01 HP     3045     00000001 MSFT 000F4240)
[    0.000000] ACPI: APIC 00000000afefb000 00084 (v02 HP     3045     00000001 TFSM 000F4240)
[    0.000000] ACPI: MCFG 00000000afefa000 0003C (v01 HP     3045     00000001 TFSM 000F4240)
[    0.000000] ACPI: BOOT 00000000afef0000 00028 (v01 HP     3045     00000001    ? 00000001)
[    0.000000] ACPI: SLIC 00000000afeef000 00176 (v01 HPQOEM SLIC-MPC 06040000  LTP 00000001)
[    0.000000] ACPI: SSDT 00000000afeee000 00386 (v01 AMD    PowerNow 00000001 AMD  00000001)
[    0.000000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
[    0.000000] Scanning NUMA topology in Northbridge 24
[    0.000000] No NUMA configuration found
[    0.000000] Faking a node at 0000000000000000-0000000140000000
[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 0000000000000000-0000000140000000
[    0.000000]   NODE_DATA [0000000100000000 - 0000000100004fff]
[    0.000000]  [ffffea0000000000-ffffea00045fffff] PMD -> [ffff880100200000-ffff8801037fffff] on node 0
[    0.000000] Zone PFN ranges:
[    0.000000]   DMA      0x00000010 -> 0x00001000
[    0.000000]   DMA32    0x00001000 -> 0x00100000
[    0.000000]   Normal   0x00100000 -> 0x00140000
[    0.000000] Movable zone start PFN for each node
[    0.000000] early_node_map[7] active PFN ranges
[    0.000000]     0: 0x00000010 -> 0x0000009f
[    0.000000]     0: 0x00000100 -> 0x000afb8f
[    0.000000]     0: 0x000afc3c -> 0x000afd70
[    0.000000]     0: 0x000afdbf -> 0x000afe58
[    0.000000]     0: 0x000afebf -> 0x000afeee
...
(on and on for 1000+ lines)

---------- Post updated at 08:13 PM ---------- Previous update was at 08:12 PM ----------

The contents of /sys/ are so low-level I don't understand much of them but you can find quite a lot in there, apparently.
 

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