The kernel knows what a major+minor number means, but this often just deals with generic input layers like "SCSI disk" -- which these days can mean anything from USB to SATA to PATA, not just actual SCSI. That Linux is now able to treat nearly all disks so identically is mostly a good thing -- device names don't mysteriously change from hda to sda anymore -- but also means it doesn't tell you much about which driver's used.

Try lspci -k, that'll tell you what PCI/AGP/PCIE devices are being claimed by what modules. You can also explore the virtual /sys/ directories to find out more about the devices within.