Yep, you have XFS support. Doesn't matter if you're cloning the disk anyway.
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Is it normal that the size is so large? Its twice the size of the next largest mod.
It's a pretty complicated filesystem.
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Next week, when I want to start weekly backups, what do I do, as in how will those backups be done?
You've got a lot of options there. You could clone the /home filesystem again(might be doable without powering the system down, if you remount it read-only and
sync, since that won't deny you access to the rest of the system), or freshen the files with rsync, or make a more complicated backup scheme where you make tarballs only of files that've been changed since last time, or more... I won't be able to lead you lock-step every step of the way because what you do depends very much on what you want and what you have and how your system is set up. You're going to need to learn more about your system.