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Full Discussion: How to learn UNIX
Operating Systems Linux Fedora How to learn UNIX Post 302504658 by michael78 on Tuesday 15th of March 2011 06:02:29 AM
Old 03-15-2011
Quote:
Originally Posted by Redouane
Hi michael,

For the base knowledge, Unix and Linux are the same. the real question is what you want to do with it ?
Unix have a lot of variants : IBM-AIX, HP-UX, and (it's my opinion) the better is Solaris.
Linux is more flexible, redhat is the reference, but we have also Suse, Debian...
If you need to learn the basic knowledge, i think that Ubuntu or Mint are simple to use.
Good question and to be honest with my MS background I don't know what UNIX is used for in the real world. I assume it has many uses otherwise it wouldn't still be around. In a sense I would like to branch out my skills from Microsoft. I see some jobs in my area that require UNIX skills (sometimes only basic skills required) so I figure it's good to learn skills that are in demand.

I have downloaded CentOS with it being basically free Redhat and Solaris Express (since found that Open Indiana is the offshot of OpenSolaris so may download that instead) and FreeBSD. I'm going to install them over the weekend and have a mess on with them.

I've used Ubuntu in the past and think it's come on a long way but is probably too geared towards the home user. I have bought a book on CentOS so will get around to reading that soon. Going to look into buying a book on UNIX as well.
 

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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN

sysdata

sysdata(1)						      General Commands Manual							sysdata(1)

NAME

       sysdata - find basic hardware system data

SYNOPSIS

       sysdata

DESCRIPTION

       After  the  atlc  package is built, a small benchmark is run as part of the testing procedure. This benchmark tries to get some information
       about the hardware. The program sysdata displays the same hardware information that the benchmark will display, but runs in a fraction of a
       second,	whereas  the benchmark can take from 19 s (quad 1.4 GHz Itainium 2 machine) to 14,906 s (for a very old 33.3 MHz Cray Y-MP). There
       are no options or arguments to sysdata

       The information gathered on hardware and software both developed by the same company (i.e. Solaris on Suns, AIX on  IBM	RS/6000,  IRIX	on
       SGI,  ...  etc etc) is generally more informative than the free systems (Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, FreeBSD) where it is usually impossible to
       get much hardware information.

EXAMPLES

       Here are some examples of the use of sysdata on a number of systems. The large number of examples is for my own use as much as anything, so
       I can keep track of the development of sysdata and see easily where it needs extending. Examples are presented for:

       1) Sun Ultra 80 running Solaris 9
       2) HP C3000 running HP-UX 11
       3) SGI Octane running IRIX 6.5.16
       4) IBM RS/6000 running AIX 5.2
       5) Dec Alpha 600a Personal Workstation running Tru64 5.1B
       6) Cray Y-MP running UNICOS 9
       7) Sun SPARCstation 20 running NetBSD 1.6
       8) Sun SPARCstation 20 running OpenBSD 3.2
       9) Sun SPARCstation 20 running Debian Linux
       10) Sun SPARCstation 20 running Solaris 2.5
       11) Generic PC with 350 MHz Pentium II running Redhat Linux 7.2

       Here's the output from sysdata on these 11 systems.

       e.g. 1 (Sun Ultra 80 running Solaris 9)
       Hardware provider:    Sun_Microsystems
       Hardware platform:    SUNW,Ultra-80
       Machine: 	     sun4u
       Sysname: 	     SunOS
       Release: 	     5.9
       Version: 	     Generic_112233-06
       Nodename:	     sparrow
       #CPUs supported:      4
       #CPUs online:	     4
       CPU type:	     sparcv9
       FPU type:	     sparcv9
       Speed:		     450 MHz
       RAM:		     4096 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kB
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kB
       L2 cache:	     unknown kB

       Here's an example on a HP 9000 series Visualize C3000 workstation, fitted with one 400 MHz PA-RISC 8500 CPU and 1.5 Gb of RAM

       e.g. 2 (HP 9000 series Visualize C3000)
       Hardware provider:    HP
       Hardware platform:    unknown
       Machine: 	     9000/785
       Sysname: 	     HP-UX
       Release: 	     B.11.00
       Version: 	     A
       Nodename:	     robin
       #CPUs supported:      1
       #CPUs online:	     1
       CPU type:	     532
       FPU type:	     1048577
       Speed:		     400.0 MHz
       RAM:		     1536 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb

       Here's another example this time on an SGI Octane R10000 with 2 x 195 MHz processors. Note the CPU and FPU types reported at not the R10000
       and R10010 that are reported by SGI's hinv. sysdata is not meant to replace other more sophisticated ways of obtaining  system  information
       (such as hinv on IRIX), but its data is useful to record for benchmarking purposes.

       e.g. 3 (SGI Octane R1000)
       Hardware provider:    SGI
       Hardware platform:    unknown
       Machine: 	     IP30
       Sysname: 	     IRIX64
       Release: 	     6.5
       Version: 	     04101931
       Nodename:	     owl
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     2
       CPU type:	     2343
       FPU type:	     2304
       Speed:		     195 MHz
       RAM:		     1024 Mb
       L1 data cache	     32 kB
       L1 instruction cache: 32 kB
       L2 cache:	     1024 kB

       Here's an example using an IBM RS/6000 F50 with 4 x 332 MHz CPUs and 1 GB of RAM.

       e.g. 4 (IBM RS/6000 F50)
       Hardware provider:    IBM
       Hardware platform:    unknown
       Machine: 	     000245984C00
       Sysname: 	     AIX
       Release: 	     2
       Version: 	     5
       Nodename:	     starling
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     4
       CPU type:	     unknown
       FPU type:	     unknown
       Speed:		     unknown MHz
       RAM:		     1024 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kB
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kB
       L2 cache:	     unknown kB

       And here's an example from a single 599 MHz processor Dec Alpha 600a Personal Workstation running Tru64 5.1B

       e.g. 5 (Dec Alpha 600a Personal Workstation)
       Hardware provider:    unknown
       Hardware platform:    Digital_Personal_WorkStation_600au
       Machine: 	     alpha
       Sysname: 	     OSF1
       Release: 	     V5.1
       Version: 	     2650
       Nodename:	     dobermann.localhost.ntlworld.co
       #CPUs supported:      1
       #CPUs online:	     1
       CPU type:	     EV5.6_(21164A)
       FPU type:	     unknown
       Speed:		     599 MHz
       RAM:		     1024 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb

       Here's some data collected on a very old Cray Y-MP, which was introduced in 1991.

       e.g 6 (Cray Y-MP running UNICOS)

       Hardware provider:    Cray
       Hardware platform:    Y-MP
       Machine: 	     CRAY_Y-MP
       Sysname: 	     sn5176
       Release: 	     9.0.2.2
       Version: 	     sin.0
       Nodename:	     sn5176
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     4
       CPU type:	     unknown
       FPU type:	     unknown
       Speed:		     33.3 MHz
       RAM:		     unknown Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb

       That  is all the examples of commercial hardware running the operating systems made by the manufacturers of the hardware. The following are
       free UNIX versions. In these cases the data gathered is never as complete. In particular the amoumt of memory reported if often	less  than
       the  real  amount due to memory taken by the operating system (kernel etc). The number of processors the system can support is never avail-
       able.

       Here's the first such non-commercial UNIX from a single processor Sun SPARCstation 20 running NetBSD 1.6.

       e.g. 7 (Sun SPARCstation 20 running NetBSD 1.6)
       Hardware provider:    unknown
       Hardware platform:    unknown
       Machine: 	     sparc
       Sysname: 	     NetBSD
       Release: 	     1.6
       Version: 	     NetBSD_1.6_(GENERIC)_#0:_Mon_Sep__9_08:2sparc
       Nodename:	     blackbird
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     1
       CPU type:	     rg:/autobuild/sparc/OBJ/autobuild/src/sys/arch/sparc/compile/GENERIC
       FPU type:	     unknown
       Speed:		     unknown MHz
       RAM:		     255 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb

       Here's data from a Sun SPARCstation 20 running OpenBSD 3.2. The machine has 320 Mb of RAM, not 318 Mb as indicated. The number  of  proces-
       sors  the  system  supports  is reported as unknown, but should the system have been running Solaris 9, as in the example 1 (sparrow), then
       this information would have been determined, but it is not available under OpenBSD - or Solaris 2.5 for that matter.

       e.g. 8 (Sun SPARCstation 20 running OpenBSD 3.2)
       Hardware provider:    unknown
       Hardware platform:    unknown
       Machine: 	     sparc
       Sysname: 	     OpenBSD
       Release: 	     3.2
       Version: 	     GENERIC#36
       Nodename:	     crow.crow.localdomain
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     1
       CPU type:	     unknown
       FPU type:	     unknown
       Speed:		     unknown MHz
       RAM:		     319 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb
       The next machine is a Sun SPARCstation 20 running Debian Linux. The version of Debian is unknown, but clearly sysdata is unable	to  deter-
       mine this.

       e.g. 9 (Sun SPARCstation 20 running Debian Linux)

       Hardware provider:    unknown
       Hardware platform:    unknown
       Machine: 	     sparc
       Sysname: 	     Linux
       Release: 	     2.2.20
       Version: 	     #1_Fri_Nov_16_15:48:02_EST_2001
       Nodename:	     dove
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     1
       CPU type:	     unknown
       FPU type:	     unknown
       Speed:		     unknown MHz
       RAM:		     281 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb

       Here's  data from a Sun SPARCstation 20 running Solaris 2.5 (SunOS 5.5). The machine probably does have 352 Mb of RAM as reported. The num-
       ber of processors the system supports is reported as unknown, but should the system have been running Solaris 9, as in the example 1 (spar-
       row), then this information would have been determined, but it is not available under Solaris 2.5.

       e.g. 10 (Sun SPARCstation 20 Solaris 2.5)
       Hardware provider:    Sun_Microsystems
       Hardware platform:    SUNW,SPARCstation-20
       Machine: 	     sun4m
       Sysname: 	     SunOS
       Release: 	     5.5
       Version: 	     Generic
       Nodename:	     bluetit
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     2
       CPU type:	     sparc
       FPU type:	     sparc
       Speed:		     125 MHz
       RAM:		     352 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb

       Here's a standard PC, fitted with one processor

       e.g. 11 (350 MHz Pentium II PC running Redhat Linux)
       Hardware provider:    unknown
       Hardware platform:    unknown
       Machine: 	     i686
       Sysname: 	     Linux
       Release: 	     2.4.18-5
       Version: 	     #1_Mon_Jun_10_15:31:48_EDT_2002
       Nodename:	     tiger
       #CPUs supported:      unknown
       #CPUs online:	     1
       CPU type:	     unknown
       FPU type:	     unknown
       Speed:		     unknown MHz
       RAM:		     123 Mb
       L1 data cache	     unknown kb
       L1 instruction cache: unknown kb
       L2 cache:	     unknown kb

FILES

       sysdata does not read/write any files.

SEE ALSO

       atlc(1)
       create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ(1)
       create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect(1)
       create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1)
       create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect(1)
       create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)
       create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1)
       create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)
       create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)
       create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1)
       design_coupler(1)
       find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1)
       hinv - SGI's IRIX only.
       readbin(1)

       http://atlc.sourceforge.net		  - Home page
       http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc	  - Download area
       atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html	  - HTML docs
       atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
       atlc-X.Y.Z/examples			  - examples

Dr. David Kirkby					     atlc-4.5.0 28th Sep 2003							sysdata(1)
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