Partitions. Post: 302503460

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Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Partitions. Post 302503460 by Corona688 on Thursday 10th of March 2011 03:49:04 PM

03-10-2011

Registered User

In Windows, each drive letter is its own seperate little world. c:\ gets you files under partition 1, d:\ gets you files under partition 2, etc.

In UNIX, all files and partitions are accessed through the same directory tree. The root partition is attached first, at /, and other partitions can be optionally attached to any directories inside /, even ones inside other partitions.

On one of my systems:

Code:

$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc3            1008M  298M  660M  32% /
udev                   10M  340K  9.7M   4% /dev
/dev/sdc5              20G   12G  7.2G  62% /home
/dev/sdc6             9.9G  4.6G  4.9G  49% /usr
/dev/sdc7             5.6G  735M  4.6G  14% /var
/dev/sdc8             116G  5.0G  111G   5% /var/lib/mysql
shm                   948M     0  948M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/md1p8            394G  301G   74G  81% /opt
/dev/md1p9            1.4T  848G  552G  61% /opt/disk-images
/dev/sdc1              63M   28M   32M  47% /boot

So the root directory exists on the partition /dev/sdc3. If you created a file /randomname, it'd go into sdc3.

"udev" and "shm" are special filesystems handled by the kernel, you can ignore them for the moment.

Anything under /home/ goes into sdc5, so all user directories reside on that partition.

Our mysql database used to reside inside under the /var/ partition, in /var/lib/mysql, but it outgrew it. I had to give /var/lib/mysql its own partition so mysql would have more room.

And so on, and so forth.

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LEARN ABOUT LINUX

hd

HD(4)							     Linux Programmer's Manual							     HD(4)

NAME

       hd - MFM/IDE hard disk devices

DESCRIPTION

       The  hd*  devices  are block devices to access MFM/IDE hard disk drives in raw mode.  The master drive on the primary IDE controller (major
       device number 3) is hda; the slave drive is hdb.  The master drive of the second controller (major device number 22) is hdc and	the  slave
       hdd.

       General	IDE block device names have the form hdX, or hdXP, where X is a letter denoting the physical drive, and P is a number denoting the
       partition on that physical drive.  The first form, hdX, is used to address the whole drive.  Partition numbers are assigned  in	the  order
       the  partitions	are  discovered,  and only nonempty, nonextended partitions get a number.  However, partition numbers 1-4 are given to the
       four partitions described in the MBR (the "primary" partitions), regardless of whether they are unused or extended.  Thus, the first  logi-
       cal  partition  will be hdX5.  Both DOS-type partitioning and BSD-disklabel partitioning are supported.	You can have at most 63 partitions
       on an IDE disk.

       For example, /dev/hda refers to all of the first IDE drive in the system; and /dev/hdb3 refers to the third DOS "primary" partition on  the
       second one.

       They are typically created by:

	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hda b 3 0
	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hda1 b 3 1
	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hda2 b 3 2
	      ...
	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hda8 b 3 8
	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb b 3 64
	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb1 b 3 65
	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb2 b 3 66
	      ...
	      mknod -m 660 /dev/hdb8 b 3 72
	      chown root:disk /dev/hd*

FILES

       /dev/hd*

SEE ALSO

       chown(1), mknod(1), sd(4), mount(8)

COLOPHON

       This  page is part of release 3.27 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux								    1992-12-17								     HD(4)

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