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Shell Programming and Scripting
I/O redirection
Post 302502676 by Corona688 on Tuesday 8th of March 2011 03:01:30 PM
03-08-2011
It'd be more accurate to say that grep and ls get separate sets of file descriptors, so they close them individually. The shell forks twice, once to create each of those processes. FD 3 is closed in the forks but not in the original shell itself. Once they return, the exec closes FD 3 in the shell itself. That's what the exec does, changes the original shell's own file descriptors.
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LEARN ABOUT DEBIAN
graphics::primitive::insets
Graphics::Primitive::Insets(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Graphics::Primitive::Insets(3pm) NAME
Graphics::Primitive::Insets - Space between things DESCRIPTION
Graphics::Primitive::Insets represents the amount of space that surrounds something. This object can be used to represent either padding or margins (in the CSS sense, one being inside the bounding box, the other being outside) SYNOPSIS
use Graphics::Primitive::Insets; my $insets = Graphics::Primitive::Insets->new({ top => 5, bottom => 5, left => 5, right => 5 }); METHODS
Constructor new Creates a new Graphics::Primitive::Insets. Instance Methods as_array Return these insets as an array in the form of top, right, bottom and left. bottom Set/Get the inset from the bottom. equal_to Determine if these Insets are equal to another. left Set/Get the inset from the left. right Set/Get the inset from the right. top Set/Get the inset from the top. zero Sets all the insets (top, left, bottom, right) to 0. AUTHOR
Cory Watson, "<gphat@cpan.org>" SEE ALSO
perl(1) COPYRIGHT &; LICENSE Copyright 2008-2010 by Cory G Watson. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. perl v5.12.3 2010-08-21 Graphics::Primitive::Insets(3pm)