02-02-2011
for(i=0; i<length(str); i++) i is a counter that starts at 0 and continues to the end of the string (step thru string 1 char at a time).
while(substr(str,i,1) != " " && i<length(str)) i++Jump over all characters till a space is found, this jumps past 1 field
while(substr(str,i,1) == " " && i<length(str)) i++Jump over all space characters this jumps past the blanks following a field
if (!--fld) return substr(str,i) decrement field count and if it's now zero return the rest of the string.
%10s = right justified string 10 chars wide
%3s = right justified string 3 chars wide
%-*s = left justified string where width is parameter before string value
%s = string with no width limit
You can check man printf for more details on how it works.
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LEARN ABOUT CENTOS
sigorset
SIGSETOPS(3) Linux Programmer's Manual SIGSETOPS(3)
NAME
sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, sigismember - POSIX signal set operations.
SYNOPSIS
#include <signal.h>
int sigemptyset(sigset_t *set);
int sigfillset(sigset_t *set);
int sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signum);
int sigdelset(sigset_t *set, int signum);
int sigismember(const sigset_t *set, int signum);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
sigemptyset(), sigfillset(), sigaddset(), sigdelset(), sigismember():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 1 || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _POSIX_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
These functions allow the manipulation of POSIX signal sets.
sigemptyset() initializes the signal set given by set to empty, with all signals excluded from the set.
sigfillset() initializes set to full, including all signals.
sigaddset() and sigdelset() add and delete respectively signal signum from set.
sigismember() tests whether signum is a member of set.
Objects of type sigset_t must be initialized by a call to either sigemptyset() or sigfillset() before being passed to the functions
sigaddset(), sigdelset() and sigismember() or the additional glibc functions described below (sigisemptyset(), sigandset(), and sig-
orset()). The results are undefined if this is not done.
RETURN VALUE
sigemptyset(), sigfillset(), sigaddset(), and sigdelset() return 0 on success and -1 on error.
sigismember() returns 1 if signum is a member of set, 0 if signum is not a member, and -1 on error. On error, these functions set errno to
indicate the cause.
ERRORS
EINVAL sig is not a valid signal.
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001.
NOTES
Glibc notes
If the _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro is defined, then <signal.h> exposes three other functions for manipulating signal sets.
int sigisemptyset(sigset_t *set);
returns 1 if set contains no signals, and 0 otherwise.
int sigorset(sigset_t *dest, sigset_t *left, sigset_t *right);
places the union of the sets left and right in dest.
int sigandset(sigset_t *dest, sigset_t *left, sigset_t *right);
places the intersection of the sets left and right in dest.
sigorset() and sigandset() return 0 on success, and -1 on failure.
These functions are nonstandard (a few other systems provide similar functions) and their use should be avoided in portable applications.
SEE ALSO
sigaction(2), sigpending(2), sigprocmask(2), sigsuspend(2)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.53 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2013-04-19 SIGSETOPS(3)