01-23-2011
It's hard to improve on the explanation in "man time".
If you just want to know how long a process took to run, use "real time".
If you want to know how much CPU time the process used while in "user mode" use "user".
If you want to know how much CPU time the process used while in "kernel mode", use "sys".
One facinating aspect of unix is that the statistics from the "time" command may not be the same for the second and subsequent invocations of the same command. A well-tuned system will cache data blocks, directory blocks and program pages as it continuously re-tunes itself.
The difference is most evident after a cold start of the Operating System.
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LEARN ABOUT OSX
clock_getcpuclockid
CLOCK_GETCPUCLOCKID(3) Linux Programmer's Manual CLOCK_GETCPUCLOCKID(3)
NAME
clock_getcpuclockid - obtain ID of a process CPU-time clock
SYNOPSIS
#include <time.h>
int clock_getcpuclockid(pid_t pid, clockid_t *clock_id);
Link with -lrt (only for glibc versions before 2.17).
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
clock_getcpuclockid():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
DESCRIPTION
The clock_getcpuclockid() function obtains the ID of the CPU-time clock of the process whose ID is pid, and returns it in the location
pointed to by clock_id. If pid is zero, then the clock ID of the CPU-time clock of the calling process is returned.
RETURN VALUE
On success, clock_getcpuclockid() returns 0; on error, it returns one of the positive error numbers listed in ERRORS.
ERRORS
ENOSYS The kernel does not support obtaining the per-process CPU-time clock of another process, and pid does not specify the calling
process.
EPERM The caller does not have permission to access the CPU-time clock of the process specified by pid. (Specified in POSIX.1-2001; does
not occur on Linux unless the kernel does not support obtaining the per-process CPU-time clock of another process.)
ESRCH There is no process with the ID pid.
VERSIONS
The clock_getcpuclockid() function is available in glibc since version 2.2.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
+----------------------+---------------+---------+
|Interface | Attribute | Value |
+----------------------+---------------+---------+
|clock_getcpuclockid() | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
+----------------------+---------------+---------+
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
NOTES
Calling clock_gettime(2) with the clock ID obtained by a call to clock_getcpuclockid() with a pid of 0, is the same as using the clock ID
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID.
EXAMPLE
The example program below obtains the CPU-time clock ID of the process whose ID is given on the command line, and then uses clock_get-
time(2) to obtain the time on that clock. An example run is the following:
$ ./a.out 1 # Show CPU clock of init process
CPU-time clock for PID 1 is 2.213466748 seconds
Program source
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
clockid_t clockid;
struct timespec ts;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s <process-ID>
", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (clock_getcpuclockid(atoi(argv[1]), &clockid) != 0) {
perror("clock_getcpuclockid");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (clock_gettime(clockid, &ts) == -1) {
perror("clock_gettime");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("CPU-time clock for PID %s is %ld.%09ld seconds
",
argv[1], (long) ts.tv_sec, (long) ts.tv_nsec);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
SEE ALSO
clock_getres(2), timer_create(2), pthread_getcpuclockid(3), time(7)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2017-09-15 CLOCK_GETCPUCLOCKID(3)