PDO.PREPARE(3)								 1							    PDO.PREPARE(3)

PDO
::prepare - Prepares a statement for execution and returns a statement object

SYNOPSIS

       public PDOStatement PDO::prepare (string  $statement, [array  $driver_options = array()])

DESCRIPTION

	Prepares  an  SQL statement to be executed by the PDOStatement.execute(3) method. The SQL statement can contain zero or more named (:name)
       or question mark (?) parameter markers for which real values will be substituted when the statement is executed. You cannot use both  named
       and  question mark parameter markers within the same SQL statement; pick one or the other parameter style. Use these parameters to bind any
       user-input, do not include the user-input directly in the query.

	You must include a unique parameter marker for each value you wish to pass in to the statement when you call PDOStatement.execute(3).  You
       cannot use a named parameter marker of the same name more than once in a prepared statement, unless emulation mode is on.

       Note

	       Parameter  markers  can	represent a complete data literal only. Neither part of literal, nor keyword, nor identifier, nor whatever
	      arbitrary query part can be bound using parameters. For example, you cannot bind multiple values to a single parameter in  the  IN()
	      clause of an SQL statement.

	Calling PDO.prepare(3) and PDOStatement.execute(3) for statements that will be issued multiple times with different parameter values opti-
       mizes the performance of your application by allowing the driver to negotiate client and/or server side caching of the query plan and  meta
       information, and helps to prevent SQL injection attacks by eliminating the need to manually quote the parameters.

	PDO  will  emulate prepared statements/bound parameters for drivers that do not natively support them, and can also rewrite named or ques-
       tion mark style parameter markers to something more appropriate, if the driver supports one style but not the other.

PARAMETERS

	      o $statement
		- This must be a valid SQL statement for the target database server.

	      o $driver_options
		- This array holds one or more key=>value pairs to set attribute values for the PDOStatement object that this method returns.  You
		would  most commonly use this to set the PDO::ATTR_CURSOR value to PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL to request a scrollable cursor. Some drivers
		have driver specific options that may be set at prepare-time.

RETURN VALUES

	If the database server successfully prepares the statement, PDO.prepare(3) returns a PDOStatement object. If the  database  server  cannot
       successfully prepare the statement, PDO.prepare(3) returns FALSE or emits PDOException (depending on error handling).

       Note

	       Emulated prepared statements does not communicate with the database server so PDO.prepare(3) does not check the statement.

EXAMPLES

       Example #1

	      Prepare an SQL statement with named parameters

	      <?php
	      /* Execute a prepared statement by passing an array of values */
	      $sql = 'SELECT name, colour, calories
		  FROM fruit
		  WHERE calories < :calories AND colour = :colour';
	      $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql, array(PDO::ATTR_CURSOR => PDO::CURSOR_FWDONLY));
	      $sth->execute(array(':calories' => 150, ':colour' => 'red'));
	      $red = $sth->fetchAll();
	      $sth->execute(array(':calories' => 175, ':colour' => 'yellow'));
	      $yellow = $sth->fetchAll();
	      ?>

       Example #2

	      Prepare an SQL statement with question mark parameters

	      <?php
	      /* Execute a prepared statement by passing an array of values */
	      $sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT name, colour, calories
		  FROM fruit
		  WHERE calories < ? AND colour = ?');
	      $sth->execute(array(150, 'red'));
	      $red = $sth->fetchAll();
	      $sth->execute(array(175, 'yellow'));
	      $yellow = $sth->fetchAll();
	      ?>

SEE ALSO

       PDO.exec(3), PDO.query(3), PDOStatement.execute(3).

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