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Full Discussion: file permission
Operating Systems Solaris file permission Post 302456760 by agama on Saturday 25th of September 2010 07:57:47 PM
Old 09-25-2010
If you look at the passwd command (/usr/bin/passwd on my Linux box) you will see that the permissions include a set user id (suid) bit.

Code:
-rwsr-xr-x   1 root     shadow      80268 Dec  3  2008 /usr/bin/passwd

This is indicated with an 's' instead of an 'x' in the user portion of the permissions list. The meaning of this is that when the binary is executed, its effective user id (euid) is set to the owner of the file; root in this case. Therefore, when the passwd command is executed, it is run as though root was running it and thus it is able to update the various root owned passwd and shadow files.
 

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LEARN ABOUT OPENDARWIN

pwconv

pwconv(1M)						  System Administration Commands						pwconv(1M)

NAME

       pwconv - installs and updates /etc/shadow with information from /etc/passwd

SYNOPSIS

       pwconv

DESCRIPTION

       The pwconv command creates and updates /etc/shadow with information from /etc/passwd.

       pwconv relies on a special value of 'x' in the password field of /etc/passwd. This value of 'x' indicates that the password for the user is
       already in /etc/shadow and should not be modified.

       If the /etc/shadow file does not exist, this command will create /etc/shadow with  information  from  /etc/passwd.  The	command  populates
       /etc/shadow  with  the  user's  login  name,  password,	and  password  aging  information. If password aging information does not exist in
       /etc/passwd for a given user, none will be added to  /etc/shadow. However, the last changed information will always be updated.

       If the  /etc/shadow file does exist, the following tasks will be performed:

		Entries that are in the  /etc/passwd file and not in the /etc/shadow file will be added to the /etc/shadow file.

		Entries that are in the  /etc/shadow file and not in the /etc/passwd file will be removed from /etc/shadow.

		Password attributes (for example, password and aging information)  that exist in an /etc/passwd entry will be moved to the  corre-
		sponding entry in  /etc/shadow.

       The pwconv command can only be used by the super-user.

FILES

       /etc/opasswd

       /etc/oshadow

       /etc/passwd

       /etc/shadow

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     |	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
       |Availability		     |SUNWcsu			   |
       +-----------------------------+-----------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       passwd(1), passmgmt(1M), usermod(1M), passwd(4), attributes(5)

DIAGNOSTICS

       pwconv exits with one of the following values:

       0	SUCCESS.

       1	Permission denied.

       2	Invalid command syntax.

       3	Unexpected failure.  Conversion not done.

       4	Unexpected failure.  Password file(s) missing.

       5	Password file(s) busy.	Try again later.

       6	Bad entry in /etc/shadow file.

SunOS 5.10							    9 Mar 1993								pwconv(1M)
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