08-30-2010
Dual core means two concurrent processes, one per core.
As you've discovered, load's not the whole story, it really depends on what the load is. If things play nice, i.e. don't thrash the disk and don't hog memory, your system can run lots of them without much strain. (The more of them you have beyond the number of cores, the slower they'll run of course.) nice them so important things get higher priority, and responsivity will get even better.
So what your maximum load is really depends what your system's actually doing.
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NICE(1) BSD General Commands Manual NICE(1)
NAME
nice -- execute a utility with an altered scheduling priority
SYNOPSIS
nice [-n increment] utility [argument ...]
DESCRIPTION
nice runs utility at an altered scheduling priority. If an increment is given, it is used; otherwise an increment of 10 is assumed. The
super-user can run utilities with priorities higher than normal by using a negative increment. The priority can be adjusted over a range of
-20 (the highest) to 20 (the lowest).
Available options:
-n increment
A positive or negative decimal integer used to modify the system scheduling priority of utility.
DIAGNOSTICS
The nice utility shall exit with one of the following values:
1-125 An error occurred in the nice utility.
126 The utility was found but could not be invoked.
127 The utility could not be found.
Otherwise, the exit status of nice shall be that of utility.
COMPATIBILITY
The historic -increment option has been deprecated but is still supported in this implementation.
SEE ALSO
csh(1), getpriority(2), setpriority(2), renice(8)
STANDARDS
The nice utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.2-1992 (``POSIX.2'').
HISTORY
A nice utility appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
BUGS
nice is built into csh(1) with a slightly different syntax than described here. The form 'nice +10' nices to positive nice, and 'nice -10'
can be used by the super-user to give a process more of the processor.
BSD
June 6, 1993 BSD