SPLICE(2)						     Linux Programmer's Manual							 SPLICE(2)

NAME

       splice - splice data to/from a pipe

SYNOPSIS

       #define _GNU_SOURCE
       #include <fcntl.h>

       ssize_t splice(int fd_in, loff_t *off_in, int fd_out,
		      loff_t *off_out, size_t len, unsigned int flags);

DESCRIPTION

       splice()  moves	data between two file descriptors without copying between kernel address space and user address space.	It transfers up to
       len bytes of data from the file descriptor fd_in to the file descriptor fd_out, where one of the descriptors must refer to a pipe.

       If fd_in refers to a pipe, then off_in must be NULL.  If fd_in does not refer to a pipe and off_in is NULL, then bytes are read from  fd_in
       starting from the current file offset, and the current file offset is adjusted appropriately.  If fd_in does not refer to a pipe and off_in
       is not NULL, then off_in must point to a buffer which specifies the starting offset from which bytes will be read from fd_in; in this case,
       the current file offset of fd_in is not changed.  Analogous statements apply for fd_out and off_out.

       The flags argument is a bit mask that is composed by ORing together zero or more of the following values:

       SPLICE_F_MOVE	  Attempt  to  move  pages instead of copying.	This is only a hint to the kernel: pages may still be copied if the kernel
			  cannot move the pages from the pipe, or if the pipe buffers don't refer to full pages.  The  initial	implementation	of
			  this	flag  was  buggy: therefore starting in Linux 2.6.21 it is a no-op (but is still permitted in a splice() call); in
			  the future, a correct implementation may be restored.

       SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK  Do not block on I/O.	This makes the splice pipe operations nonblocking, but splice() may nevertheless block because the
			  file descriptors that are spliced to/from may block (unless they have the O_NONBLOCK flag set).

       SPLICE_F_MORE	  More	data  will  be coming in a subsequent splice.  This is a helpful hint when the fd_out refers to a socket (see also
			  the description of MSG_MORE in send(2), and the description of TCP_CORK in tcp(7))

       SPLICE_F_GIFT	  Unused for splice(); see vmsplice(2).

RETURN VALUE

       Upon successful completion, splice() returns the number of bytes spliced to or from the pipe.  A return value of 0 means that there was	no
       data  to transfer, and it would not make sense to block, because there are no writers connected to the write end of the pipe referred to by
       fd_in.

       On error, splice() returns -1 and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

       EBADF  One or both file descriptors are not valid, or do not have proper read-write mode.

       EINVAL Target file system doesn't support splicing; target file is opened in append mode; neither of the descriptors refers to a  pipe;	or
	      offset given for nonseekable device.

       ENOMEM Out of memory.

       ESPIPE Either off_in or off_out was not NULL, but the corresponding file descriptor refers to a pipe.

VERSIONS

       The splice() system call first appeared in Linux 2.6.17.

CONFORMING TO

       This system call is Linux-specific.

NOTES

       The  three  system  calls  splice(), vmsplice(2), and tee(2), provide userspace programs with full control over an arbitrary kernel buffer,
       implemented within the kernel using the same type of buffer that is used for a pipe.  In overview, these system calls perform the following
       tasks:

       splice()    moves data from the buffer to an arbitrary file descriptor, or vice versa, or from one buffer to another.

       tee(2)	   "copies" the data from one buffer to another.

       vmsplice(2) "copies" data from user space into the buffer.

       Though  we talk of copying, actual copies are generally avoided.  The kernel does this by implementing a pipe buffer as a set of reference-
       counted pointers to pages of kernel memory.  The kernel creates "copies" of pages in a buffer by creating new pointers (for the output buf-
       fer) referring to the pages, and increasing the reference counts for the pages: only pointers are copied, not the pages of the buffer.

EXAMPLE

       See tee(2).

SEE ALSO

       sendfile(2), tee(2), vmsplice(2), feature_test_macros(7)

COLOPHON

       This  page is part of release 3.25 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux								    2009-09-15								 SPLICE(2)