RRDGRAPH_EXAMPLES(1)						      rrdtool						      RRDGRAPH_EXAMPLES(1)

NAME

       rrdgraph_examples - Examples for rrdtool graph

SYNOPSIS

       rrdtool graph /home/httpd/html/test.png --img-format PNG

       followed by any of the examples below

DESCRIPTION

       For your convenience some of the commands are explained here by using detailed examples. They are not always cut-and-paste ready because
       comments are intermixed with the examples.

EXAMPLES

   Data with multiple resolutions
	   --end now --start end-120000s --width 400
	   DEF:ds0a=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
	   DEF:ds0b=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:step=1800
	   DEF:ds0c=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:step=7200
	   LINE1:ds0a#0000FF:"default resolutionl"
	   LINE1:ds0b#00CCFF:"resolution 1800 seconds per intervall"
	   LINE1:ds0c#FF00FF:"resolution 7200 seconds per intervall"

   Nicely formatted legend section
	   DEF:ds0=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
	   DEF:ds1=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds1:AVERAGE
	   VDEF:ds0max=ds0,MAXIMUM
	   VDEF:ds0avg=ds0,AVERAGE
	   VDEF:ds0min=ds0,MINIMUM
	   VDEF:ds0pct=ds0,95,PERCENT
	   VDEF:ds1max=ds1,MAXIMUM
	   VDEF:ds1avg=ds1,AVERAGE
	   VDEF:ds1min=ds1,MINIMUM
	   VDEF:ds1pct=ds1,95,PERCENT

       Note: consolidation occurs here.

	   CDEF:ds0bits=ds0,8,*
	   CDEF:ds1bits=ds1,8,*

       Note: 10 spaces to move text to the right

	   COMMENT:"	      "

       Note: the column titles have to be as wide as the columns

	   COMMENT:"Maximum    "
	   COMMENT:"Average    "
	   COMMENT:"Minimum    "

	   COMMENT:"95th percentilel"
	   AREA:ds0bits#00C000:"Inbound "
	   GPRINT:ds0max:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
	   GPRINT:ds0avg:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
	   GPRINT:ds0min:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
	   GPRINT:ds0pct:"%6.2lf %Sbpsl"
	   LINE1:ds1bits#0000FF:"Outbound"
	   GPRINT:ds1max:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
	   GPRINT:ds1avg:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
	   GPRINT:ds1min:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
	   GPRINT:ds1pct:"%6.2lf %Sbpsl"

   Offsetting a line on the y-axis
       Depending on your needs you can do this in two ways:

       o   Offset the data, then graph this

	       DEF:mydata=my.rrd:ds:AVERAGE

	   Note: this will also influence any other command that uses "data"

	       CDEF:data=mydata,100,+
	       LINE1:data#FF0000:"Data with offset"

       o   Graph the original data, with an offset

	       DEF:mydata=my.rrd:ds:AVERAGE

	   Note: no color in the first line so it is not visible

	       LINE1:100

	   Note: the second line gets stacked on top of the first one

	       LINE1:data#FF0000:"Data with offset":STACK

   Drawing dashed lines
       Also works for HRULE and VRULE

       o   default style: - - - - -
	       LINE1:data#FF0000:"dashed line":dashes

       o   more fancy style with offset: - -  --- -  --- -
	       LINE1:data#FF0000:"another dashed line":dashes=15,5,5,10:dash-offset=10

   Time ranges
	   Last four weeks: --start end-4w --end 00:00
	   January 2001:    --start 20010101 --end start+31d
	   January 2001:    --start 20010101 --end 20010201
	   Last hour:	    --start end-1h
	   Last 24 hours:   <nothing at all>
	   Yesterday:	    --end 00:00

   Viewing the current and previous week together
	   --end now --start end-1w
	   DEF:thisweek=router.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
	   DEF:lastweek=router.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:end=now-1w:start=end-1w

       Shift the data forward by one week (604800 seconds)

	   SHIFT:lastweek:604800
	   [ more of the usual VDEF and CDEF stuff if you like ]
	   AREA:lastweek#0000FF:Last week
	   LINE1:thisweek#FF0000:This week

   Aberrant Behaviour Detection
       If the specialized function RRAs exist for aberrant behavior detection, they can be used to generate the graph of a time series with
       confidence bands and failures.

	  rrdtool graph example.png 
		 DEF:obs=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:AVERAGE 
		 DEF:pred=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:HWPREDICT 
		 DEF:dev=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:DEVPREDICT 
		 DEF:fail=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:FAILURES 
		 TICK:fail#ffffa0:1.0:"Failures: Average bits out" 
		 CDEF:scaledobs=obs,8,* 
		 CDEF:upper=pred,dev,2,*,+ 
		 CDEF:lower=pred,dev,2,*,- 
		 CDEF:scaledupper=upper,8,* 
		 CDEF:scaledlower=lower,8,* 
		 LINE2:scaledobs#0000ff:"Average bits out" 
		 LINE1:scaledupper#ff0000:"Upper Confidence Bound: Average bits out" 
		 LINE1:scaledlower#ff0000:"Lower Confidence Bound: Average bits out"

       This example generates a graph of the data series in blue (LINE2 with the scaledobs virtual data source), confidence bounds in red
       (scaledupper and scaledlower virtual data sources), and potential failures (i.e. potential aberrant aberrant behavior) marked by vertical
       yellow lines (the fail data source).

       The raw data comes from an AVERAGE RRA, the finest resolution of the observed time series (one consolidated data point per primary data
       point). The predicted (or smoothed) values are stored in the HWPREDICT RRA. The predicted deviations (think standard deviation) values are
       stored in the DEVPREDICT RRA. Finally, the FAILURES RRA contains indicators, with 1 denoting a potential failure.

       All of the data is rescaled to bits (instead of Octets) by multiplying by 8.  The confidence bounds are computed by an offset of 2
       deviations both above and below the predicted values (the CDEFs upper and lower). Vertical lines indicated potential failures are graphed
       via the TICK graph element, which converts non-zero values in an RRA into tick marks. Here an axis-fraction argument of 1.0 means the tick
       marks span the entire y-axis, and hence become vertical lines on the graph.

       The choice of 2 deviations (a scaling factor) matches the default used internally by the FAILURES RRA. If the internal value is changed
       (see rrdtune), this graphing command should be changed to be consistent.

       A note on data reduction:

       The rrdtool graph command is designed to plot data at a specified temporal resolution, regardless of the actually resolution of the data in
       the RRD file.  This can present a problem for the specialized consolidation functions which maintain a one-to-one mapping between primary
       data points and consolidated data points. If a graph insists on viewing the contents of these RRAs on a coarser temporal scale, the graph
       command tries to do something intelligent, but the confidence bands and failures no longer have the same meaning and may be misleading.

SEE ALSO

       rrdgraph gives an overview of how rrdtool graph works.  rrdgraph_data describes DEF,CDEF and VDEF in detail.  rrdgraph_rpn describes the
       RPN language used in the xDEF statements.  rrdgraph_graph page describes all the graph and print functions.

AUTHOR

       Program by Tobias Oetiker <tobi@oetiker.ch>

       This manual page by Alex van den Bogaerdt <alex@vandenbogaerdt.nl> with corrections and/or additions by several people

1.4.7								    2009-02-21						      RRDGRAPH_EXAMPLES(1)