Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits(3)				User Contributed Perl Documentation			      Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits(3)

NAME

       Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits - MIE units documentation

DESCRIPTION

       The MIE format allows units of measurement to be specified in brackets at the end of a MIE tag name (ie. "Volume(m3)"). This document
       describes the standard MIE units abbreviations.

SYNTAX

       The units string may contain any ASCII characters in the range 0x21 ('!') to 0x7d ('}'), excepting the bracket characters (0x28 and 0x29).
       An empty string is allowed, and indicates a dimensionless value.  Standard units should be used where possible.	In the standard units, an
       underline ('_') is used to indicate a subscript, and multiple words may be separated with a hyphen ('-').

       Exponents should be positive, and require no separator (ie. "m2" for square meters).  Prefixes may be added to the standard units (ie.
       "cm") except when the resulting name conflicts with another standard unit.

       Multiplication is indicated by '.', and division by '/'.  Reciprocal units (ie. the multiplicative inverse) are obtained through division
       rather than the use of negative exponents (ie. "/in", not "in-1").  In MIE units, multiplication has precedence over division, so
       everything to the right of a '/' is in the denominator.	(See "EXAMPLES" for a few examples.)

       Below is a table summarizing the special characters used in MIE units strings.

	 .	     multiplication
	 /	     division (used for negative exponents)
	 -	     word separator
	 _	     subscript
	 {}	     annotation
	 []	     used to avoid name conflicts if necessary
	 0-9	     exponentiation

STANDARD UNITS

		     dimensionless
	 [G]	     Newtonian constant of gravitation (unclassified)
	 [g]	     standard acceleration of free fall (acceleration)
	 [h]	     Planck constant (action)
	 [k]	     Boltzmann constant (unclassified)
	 {cfu}	     colony forming units (number)
	 {rbc}	     red blood cell count (number)
	 {tbl}	     tablets (number)
	 {tot}	     particles total count (number)
	 %	     percent (fraction)
	 10^N	     the number ten for arbitrary powers (number)
	 A	     Ampere (electric current)
	 a	     year (time)
	 a_g	     mean Gregorian year (time)
	 a_j	     mean Julian year (time)
	 a_t	     tropical year (time)
	 acr	     acre, U.S. (area)
	 acr_br      acre, British (area)
	 Ao	     Angstrom (length)
	 APL-U	     APL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgA)
	 ar	     are (area)
	 arb-U	     arbitrary unit (arbitrary)
	 arcmin      minute of arc (plane angle)
	 arcsec      second of arc (plane angle)
	 atm	     standard atmosphere (pressure)
	 att	     technical atmosphere (pressure)
	 AU	     astronomic unit (length)
	 b	     barn (action area)
	 B	     bel (level)
	 B-kW	     bel kilowatt (power level)
	 B-mV	     bel millivolt (electric potential level)
	 B-SPL	     bel sound pressure (pressure level)
	 B-uV	     bel microvolt (electric potential level)
	 B-V	     bel volt (electric potential level)
	 B-W	     bel watt (power level)
	 bar	     bar (pressure)
	 bbl	     barrel (fluid volume)
	 Bd	     baud (signal transmission rate)
	 bdsk-U      Bodansky unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
	 beth-U      Bethesda unit (biologic activity of factor VIII inhibitor)
	 bf	     board foot (volume)
	 Bi	     Biot (electric current)
	 bit	     bit (amount of information)
	 Bq	     Becquerel (radioactivity)
	 Btu	     British thermal unit (energy)
	 Btu_39      British thermal unit at 39 degF (energy)
	 Btu_59      British thermal unit at 59 degF (energy)
	 Btu_60      British thermal unit at 60 degF (energy)
	 Btu_IT      international table British thermal unit (energy)
	 Btu_m	     mean British thermal unit (energy)
	 Btu_th      thermochemical British thermal unit (energy)
	 bu	     bushel, U.S. (dry volume)
	 bu_br	     bushel, British (volume)
	 By	     byte (amount of information)
	 C	     Coulomb (electric charge)
	 c	     velocity of light (velocity)
	 cal	     calorie (energy)
	 Cal	     nutrition label Calories (energy)
	 cal_15      calorie at 15 degC (energy)
	 cal_20      calorie at 20 degC (energy)
	 cal_IT      international table calorie (energy)
	 cal_m	     mean calorie (energy)
	 cal_th      thermochemical calorie (energy)
	 car_Au      carat of gold alloys (mass fraction)
	 car_m	     metric carat (mass)
	 cd	     candela (luminous intensity)
	 Cel	     degree Celsius (temperature)
	 Ch	     Charriere (gauge of catheters)
	 ch	     Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
	 ch_br	     Gunter's chain, British (length)
	 Ci	     Curie (radioactivity)
	 cicero      cicero (length)
	 circ	     circle (plane angle)
	 cml	     circular mil, international (area)
	 cr	     cord, international (volume)
	 crd_us      cord, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 cup_us      cup (volume)
	 d	     day (time)
	 deg	     degree (plane angle)
	 deg{mag}    degree from magnetic north (plane angle)
	 degF	     degree Fahrenheit (temperature)
	 didot	     didot (length)
	 diop	     diopter (refraction of a lens)
	 dpt	     dry pint, U.S. (dry volume)
	 dqt	     dry quart, U.S. (dry volume)
	 dr	     dram (mass)
	 dr_ap	     dram, apothecary (mass)
	 drp	     drop (volume)
	 dye-U	     Dye unit (biologic activity of amylase)
	 dyn	     dyne (force)
	 e	     elementary charge (electric charge)
	 eps_0	     permittivity of vacuum (electric permittivity)
	 eq	     equivalents (amount of substance)
	 erg	     erg (energy)
	 eV	     electronvolt (energy)
	 F	     Farad (electric capacitance)
	 fdr	     fluid dram, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 fdr_br      fluid dram, British (volume)
	 foz	     fluid ounce, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 foz_br      fluid ounce, British (volume)
	 ft	     foot, international (length)
	 ft_br	     foot, British (length)
	 ft_us	     foot, U.S. (length)
	 fth	     fathom, international (length)
	 fth_br      fathom, British (length)
	 fth_us      fathom, U.S. (length)
	 fur	     furlong, U.S. (length)
	 G	     Gauss (magnetic flux density)
	 g	     gram (mass)
	 g.m/{H-B}   gram meter per heartbeat (prop. to ventricular stroke work)
	 g%	     gram percent (mass fraction)
	 Gal	     Gal (acceleration)
	 gal	     gallon, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 gal_br      gallon, British (volume)
	 gal_wi      historical winchester gallon (dry volume)
	 Gb	     Gilbert (magnetic tension)
	 gf	     gram-force (force)
	 gil	     gill, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 gil_br      gill, British (volume)
	 gon	     gon (plane angle)
	 GPL-U	     GPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgG)
	 gr	     grain (mass)
	 Gy	     Gray (energy dose)
	 H	     Henry (inductance)
	 h	     hour (time)
	 hd	     hand, international (height of horses)
	 hnsf-U      Hounsfield unit (x-ray attenuation)
	 HP	     horsepower (power)
	 hp_C	     homeopathic potency of centesimal series (homeopathic potency)
	 hp_X	     homeopathic potency of decimal series (homeopathic potency)
	 HPF	     high power field (view area in microscope)
	 Hz	     Herz (frequency)
	 in	     inch, international (length)
	 in_br	     inch, British (length)
	 in_us	     inch, U.S. (length)
	 in-H2O      inch of water column (pressure)
	 in-Hg	     inch of mercury column (pressure)
	 iU	     international unit (arbitrary)
	 J	     Joule (energy)
	 K	     Kelvin (temperature)
	 ka-U	     King-Armstrong unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
	 kat	     katal (catalytic activity)
	 kg{wet-tis} kilogram of wet tissue (mass)
	 kn	     knot, international (velocity)
	 kn_br	     knot, British (velocity)
	 knk-U	     Kunkel unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
	 Ky	     Kayser (lineic number)
	 l	     liter (volume)
	 L	     liter (volume)
	 lb	     pound (mass)
	 lb_ap	     pound, apothecary (mass)
	 lb_tr	     pound, troy (mass)
	 lbf	     pound force (force)
	 lcwt	     long hunderdweight (mass)
	 ligne	     ligne (length)
	 lk	     link for Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
	 lk_br	     link for Gunter's chain, British (length)
	 lm	     lumen (luminous flux)
	 Lmb	     Lambert (brightness)
	 lne	     line (length)
	 LPF	     low power field (view area in microscope)
	 lton	     long ton (mass)
	 lx	     lux (illuminance)
	 ly	     light-year (length)
	 m	     meter (length)
	 m_e	     electron mass (mass)
	 m_p	     proton mass (mass)
	 m-H2O	     meter of water column (pressure)
	 m-Hg	     meter of mercury column (pressure)
	 mclg-U      Mac Lagan unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
	 mesh	     mesh, international (lineic number)
	 MET	     metabolic equivalent (metabolic cost of physical activity)
	 mg{creat}   milligram of creatinine (mass)
	 mho	     mho (electric conductance)
	 mi	     mile, international (statute mile) (length)
	 mi_br	     mile, British (length)
	 mi_us	     mile, U.S. (length)
	 mil	     mil, international (length)
	 mil_us      mil, U.S. (length)
	 min	     minute (time)
	 min_br      minim, British (volume)
	 min_us      minim, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 mo	     month (time)
	 mo_g	     mean Gregorian month (time)
	 mo_j	     mean Julian month (time)
	 mo_s	     synodal month (time)
	 mol	     mole (amount of substance)
	 MPL-U	     MPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgM)
	 mu_0	     permeability of vacuum (magnetic permeability)
	 Mx	     Maxwell (flux of magnetic induction)
	 N	     Newton (force)
	 nmi	     nautical mile, international (length)
	 nmi_br      nautical mile, British (length)
	 Np	     neper (level)
	 Oe	     Oersted (magnetic field intensity)
	 Ohm	     Ohm (electric resistance)
	 osm	     osmole of dissolved particles (amount of substance)
	 oz	     ounce (mass)
	 oz_ap	     ounce, apothecary (mass)
	 oz_tr	     ounce, troy (mass)
	 P	     Poise (dynamic viscosity)
	 Pa	     Pascal (pressure)
	 pc	     parsec (length)
	 pc_br	     pace (length)
	 pca	     pica (length)
	 pca_pr      Printer's pica (length)
	 pH	     pH (acidity)
	 ph	     phot (illuminance)
	 pi	     the number pi (number)
	 pied	     pied (length)
	 pk	     peck, U.S. (dry volume)
	 pk_br	     peck, British (volume)
	 pnt	     point (length)
	 pnt_pr      Printer's point (length)
	 pouce	     pouce (length)
	 ppb	     parts per billion (fraction)
	 ppm	     parts per million (fraction)
	 ppth	     parts per thousand (fraction)
	 pptr	     parts per trillion (fraction)
	 PRU	     peripheral vascular resistance unit (fluid resistance)
	 psi	     pound per square inch (pressure)
	 pt	     pint, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 pt_br	     pint, British (volume)
	 pwt_tr      pennyweight (mass)
	 qt	     quart, U.S. (fluid volume)
	 qt_br	     quart, British (volume)
	 R	     Roentgen (ion dose)
	 rad	     radian (plane angle)
	 RAD	     radiation absorbed dose (energy dose)
	 rch	     Ramden's chain, U.S. (length)
	 rd	     rod, U.S. (length)
	 rd_br	     rod, British (length)
	 REM	     radiation equivalent man (dose equivalent)
	 rlk_us      link for Ramden's chain (length)
	 s	     second (time)
	 S	     Siemens (electric conductance)
	 sb	     stilb (lum. intensity density)
	 sc_ap	     scruple, apothecary (mass)
	 sct	     section (area)
	 scwt	     short hundredweight (mass)
	 smgy-U      Somogyi unit (biologic activity of amylase)
	 sph	     spere (solid angle)
	 sr	     streadian (solid angle)
	 st	     stere (volume)
	 St	     Stokes (kinematic viscosity)
	 ston	     short ton (mass)
	 stone	     stone (mass)
	 Sv	     Sievert (dose equivalent)
	 Sv-U	     Svedberg unit (sedimentation coefficient)
	 T	     Tesla (magnetic flux density)
	 t	     tonne (mass)
	 tb-U	     tuberculin unit (biologic activity of tuberculin)
	 tbs	     tablespoon, U.S. (volume)
	 todd-U      Todd unit (biologic activity antistreptolysin O)
	 tsp	     teaspoon, U.S. (volume)
	 twp	     township (area)
	 u	     unified atomic mass unit (mass)
	 U	     Unit (catalytic activity)
	 USP-U	     U.S. Pharmacopeia unit (arbitrary)
	 V	     Volt (electric potential)
	 W	     Watt (power)
	 Wb	     Weber (magnetic flux)
	 wk	     week (time)
	 yd	     yard, international (length)
	 yd_br	     yard, British (length)
	 yd_us	     yard, U.S. (length)

PREFIXES

       Standard SI prefixes:

	 y	     yocto (10^-24)
	 z	     zepto (10^-21)
	 a	     atto  (10^-18)
	 f	     femto (10^-15)
	 p	     pico  (10^-12)
	 n	     nano  (10^-9)
	 u	     micro (10^-6)
	 m	     milli (10^-3)
	 c	     centi (10^-2)
	 d	     deci  (10^-1)
	 da	     deka(10)
	 h	     hecto (10^2)
	 k	     kilo  (10^3)
	 G	     giga  (10^9)
	 M	     mega  (10^6)
	 T	     tera  (10^12)
	 P	     peta  (10^15)
	 E	     exa   (10^18)
	 Z	     zetta (10^21)
	 Y	     yotta (10^24)

       Binary power prefixes:

	 Ki	     kibi  (2^10)
	 Mi	     mebi  (2^20)
	 Gi	     gibi  (2^30)
	 Ti	     tebi  (2^40)

EXAMPLES

       A few examples of combined units strings:

	 /cm3	     per cubic centimeter
	 in2	     square inches
	 kg.m/s2     Newtons (N)
	 m3/kg.s2    units of [G]
	 10^100      googols

HISTORY

	 2006-12-14 - PH Created

AUTHOR

       Copyright 2003-2010, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)

       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

REFERENCES

       <http://aurora.regenstrief.org/UCUM/>

SEE ALSO

       Image::ExifTool::MIE(3pm), Image::ExifTool(3pm)

perl v5.12.1							    2010-01-04					      Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits(3)