04-23-2010
Help needed to understand partitions in linux
Hi guys,
It has been more than 2 month i switched to linux but i m still very much confused how linux handles and names the partitions.
I have gone through couple of beginners material and found linux doesnt treat partitions as c: and d: instead it uses /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 hda3 .But now i have come across something like dev/sda1 dev/sda5 tmpfs
Please find output of df -h
PHP Code:
[root@test ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 3.9G 867M 2.9G 24% /
/dev/sda1 99M 45M 49M 48% /boot
tmpfs 285M 0 285M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda5 1.1T 561G 544G 51% /var/ovs/mount/F179080BDBFD4C5596D03242EFE5179C
I have few questions regarding the same.
1)Why there is no sda2 sda 4 present?
2)What is tmpfs ?
3)What is the difference between sda and hda
4)I also heard there is something as LVM.(How do i know whether my drives are LVM supported or not?
If they are supported how do i extend the drives.
I know these are pretty basic for advance user but i m still a learner in linux . Please help.
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PARTX(8) System Administration PARTX(8)
NAME
partx - tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions
SYNOPSIS
partx [-a|-d|-P|-r|-s|-u] [-t type] [-n M:N] [-] disk
partx [-a|-d|-P|-r|-s|-u] [-t type] partition [disk]
DESCRIPTION
Given a device or disk-image, partx tries to parse the partition table and list its contents. It can also tell the kernel to add or remove
partitions from its bookkeeping.
The disk argument is optional when a partition argument is provided. To force scanning a partition as if it were a whole disk (for example
to list nested subpartitions), use the argument "-" (hyphen-minus). For example:
partx --show - /dev/sda3
This will see sda3 as a whole-disk rather than as a partition.
partx is not an fdisk program - adding and removing partitions does not change the disk, it just tells the kernel about the presence and
numbering of on-disk partitions.
OPTIONS
-a, --add
Add the specified partitions, or read the disk and add all partitions.
-b, --bytes
Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in human-readable format.
-d, --delete
Delete the specified partitions or all partitions.
-g, --noheadings
Do not print a header line with --show or --raw.
-l, --list
List the partitions. Note that all numbers are in 512-byte sectors. This output format is DEPRECATED in favour of --show. Do not
use it in newly written scripts.
-n, --nr M:N
Specify the range of partitions. For backward compatibility also the format M-N is supported. The range may contain negative num-
bers, for example --nr -1:-1 means the last partition, and --nr -2:-1 means the last two partitions. Supported range specifications
are:
M Specifies just one partition (e.g. --nr 3).
M: Specifies the lower limit only (e.g. --nr 2:).
:N Specifies the upper limit only (e.g. --nr :4).
M:N Specifies the lower and upper limits (e.g. --nr 2:4).
-o, --output list
Define the output columns to use for --show, --pairs and --raw output. If no output arrangement is specified, then a default set is
used. Use --help to get list of all supported columns. This option cannot be combined with the --add, --delete, --update or --list
options.
-P, --pairs
List the partitions using the KEY="value" format.
-r, --raw
List the partitions using the raw output format.
-s, --show
List the partitions. The output columns can be selected and rearranged with the --output option. All numbers (except SIZE) are in
512-byte sectors.
-t, --type type
Specify the partition table type.
--list-types
List supported partition types and exit.
-u, --update
Update the specified partitions.
-S, --sector-size size
Overwrite default sector size.
-v, --verbose
Verbose mode.
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
EXAMPLES
partx --show /dev/sdb3
partx --show --nr 3 /dev/sdb
partx --show /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb
All three commands list partition 3 of /dev/sdb.
partx --show - /dev/sdb3
Lists all subpartitions on /dev/sdb3 (the device is used as whole-disk).
partx -o START -g --nr 5 /dev/sdb
Prints the start sector of partition 5 on /dev/sdb without header.
partx -o SECTORS,SIZE /dev/sda5 /dev/sda
Lists the length in sectors and human-readable size of partition 5 on /dev/sda.
partx --add --nr 3:5 /dev/sdd
Adds all available partitions from 3 to 5 (inclusive) on /dev/sdd.
partx -d --nr :-1 /dev/sdd
Removes the last partition on /dev/sdd.
SEE ALSO
addpart(8), delpart(8), fdisk(8), parted(8), partprobe(8)
AUTHORS
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org>
Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
The original version was written by Andries E. Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>.
ENVIRONMENT
LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
enables libblkid debug output.
AVAILABILITY
The partx command is part of the util-linux package and is available from Linux Kernel Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils
/util-linux/>.
util-linux December 2014 PARTX(8)