01-23-2010
Using ZFS snapshots is a quick and easy way to backup user home directories. For example, the following syntax creates recursive snapshots of all home directories in the tank/home file system.
# zfs snapshot -r tank/home@monday
You can create rolling snapshots to help manage snapshot copies.
You can use the zfs send and zfs receive commands to archive snapshots to more permanent storage.
You can create an incremental snapshot stream (see "zfs send -i" syntax).
The zfs send and receive commands are not enterprise-backup solutions. The receive operation is an all-or-nothing event, you can get all of a snapshot or none of it.
If you store the output of zfs send on a file or on tape, and that file becomes corrupted, then it will not be possible to receive correctly and none of the data will be recoverable.Enterprise backup solutions, as well as other copying methods, such as cp, tar, rsync, pax, cpio, and so on, are more appropriate for backup/restore than zfs send/receive.
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LN(1) User Commands LN(1)
NAME
ln - make links between files
SYNOPSIS
ln [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
ln [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
ln [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
ln [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
DESCRIPTION
In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME. In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory. In
the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY. Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic. By
default, each destination (name of new link) should not already exist. When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist. Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is interpreted in relation to its parent directory.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
--backup[=CONTROL]
make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory
allow the superuser to attempt to hard link directories (note: will probably fail due to system restrictions, even for the supe-
ruser)
-f, --force
remove existing destination files
-i, --interactive
prompt whether to remove destinations
-L, --logical
dereference TARGETs that are symbolic links
-n, --no-dereference
treat LINK_NAME as a normal file if it is a symbolic link to a directory
-P, --physical
make hard links directly to symbolic links
-r, --relative
create symbolic links relative to link location
-s, --symbolic
make symbolic links instead of hard links
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX
override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
specify the DIRECTORY in which to create the links
-T, --no-target-directory
treat LINK_NAME as a normal file always
-v, --verbose
print name of each linked file
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control method may be selected via the --backup
option or through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
none, off
never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t
make numbered backups
existing, nil
numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never
always make simple backups
Using -s ignores -L and -P. Otherwise, the last option specified controls behavior when a TARGET is a symbolic link, defaulting to -P.
AUTHOR
Written by Mike Parker and David MacKenzie.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report ln translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
link(2), symlink(2)
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ln>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) ln invocation'
GNU coreutils 8.28 January 2018 LN(1)