PTHREAD_CANCEL(3)					     Linux Programmer's Manual						 PTHREAD_CANCEL(3)

NAME

       pthread_cancel - send a cancellation request to a thread

SYNOPSIS

       #include <pthread.h>

       int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread);

       Compile and link with -pthread.

DESCRIPTION

       The  pthread_cancel() function sends a cancellation request to the thread thread.  Whether and when the target thread reacts to the cancel-
       lation request depends on two attributes that are under the control of that thread: its cancelability state and type.

       A thread's cancelability state, determined by pthread_setcancelstate(3), can be enabled (the default for new threads) or  disabled.   If  a
       thread  has  disabled  cancellation,  then  a  cancellation  request remains queued until the thread enables cancellation.  If a thread has
       enabled cancellation, then its cancelability type determines when cancellation occurs.

       A thread's cancellation type, determined by pthread_setcanceltype(3), may be either asynchronous or deferred (the default for new threads).
       Asynchronous cancelability means that the thread can be canceled at any time (usually immediately, but the system does not guarantee this).
       Deferred cancelability means that cancellation will be delayed until the thread next calls a function that is a cancellation point.  A list
       of functions that are or may be cancellation points is provided in pthreads(7).

       When a cancellation requested is acted on, the following steps occur for thread (in this order):

       1. Cancellation	 clean-up   handlers   are  popped  (in  the  reverse  of  the	order  in  which  they	were  pushed)  and  called.   (See
	  pthread_cleanup_push(3).)

       2. Thread-specific data destructors are called, in an unspecified order.  (See pthread_key_create(3).)

       3. The thread is terminated.  (See pthread_exit(3).)

       The above steps happen asynchronously with respect to the pthread_cancel() call; the return status of pthread_cancel() merely  informs  the
       caller whether the cancellation request was successfully queued.

       After a canceled thread has terminated, a join with that thread using pthread_join(3) obtains PTHREAD_CANCELED as the thread's exit status.
       (Joining with a thread is the only way to know that cancellation has completed.)

RETURN VALUE

       On success, pthread_cancel() returns 0; on error, it returns a nonzero error number.

ERRORS

       ESRCH  No thread with the ID thread could be found.

ATTRIBUTES

       For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).

       +-----------------+---------------+---------+
       |Interface	 | Attribute	 | Value   |
       +-----------------+---------------+---------+
       |pthread_cancel() | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
       +-----------------+---------------+---------+

CONFORMING TO

       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.

NOTES

       On Linux, cancellation is implemented using signals.  Under the NPTL threading implementation, the first real-time signal (i.e., signal 32)
       is  used  for this purpose.  On LinuxThreads, the second real-time signal is used, if real-time signals are available, otherwise SIGUSR2 is
       used.

EXAMPLE

       The program below creates a thread and then cancels it.	The main thread joins with the canceled thread to check that its exit  status  was
       PTHREAD_CANCELED.  The following shell session shows what happens when we run the program:

	   $ ./a.out
	   thread_func(): started; cancellation disabled
	   main(): sending cancellation request
	   thread_func(): about to enable cancellation
	   main(): thread was canceled

   Program source

       #include <pthread.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <errno.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <unistd.h>

       #define handle_error_en(en, msg) 
	       do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while(0)

       static void *
       thread_func(void *ignored_argument)
       {
	   int s;

	   /* Disable cancellation for a while, so that we don't
	      immediately react to a cancellation request */

	   s = pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, NULL);
	   if (s != 0)
	       handle_error_en(s, "pthread_setcancelstate");

	   printf("thread_func(): started; cancellation disabled
");
	   sleep(5);
	   printf("thread_func(): about to enable cancellation
");

	   s = pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, NULL);
	   if (s != 0)
	       handle_error_en(s, "pthread_setcancelstate");

	   /* sleep() is a cancellation point */

	   sleep(1000);        /* Should get canceled while we sleep */

	   /* Should never get here */

	   printf("thread_func(): not canceled!
");
	   return NULL;
       }

       int
       main(void)
       {
	   pthread_t thr;
	   void *res;
	   int s;

	   /* Start a thread and then send it a cancellation request */

	   s = pthread_create(&thr, NULL, &thread_func, NULL);
	   if (s != 0)
	       handle_error_en(s, "pthread_create");

	   sleep(2);	       /* Give thread a chance to get started */

	   printf("main(): sending cancellation request
");
	   s = pthread_cancel(thr);
	   if (s != 0)
	       handle_error_en(s, "pthread_cancel");

	   /* Join with thread to see what its exit status was */

	   s = pthread_join(thr, &res);
	   if (s != 0)
	       handle_error_en(s, "pthread_join");

	   if (res == PTHREAD_CANCELED)
	       printf("main(): thread was canceled
");
	   else
	       printf("main(): thread wasn't canceled (shouldn't happen!)
");
	   exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO

       pthread_cleanup_push(3), pthread_create(3), pthread_exit(3), pthread_join(3), pthread_key_create(3), pthread_setcancelstate(3),
       pthread_setcanceltype(3), pthread_testcancel(3), pthreads(7)

COLOPHON

       This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux								    2017-09-15							 PTHREAD_CANCEL(3)