11-27-2009
In terms of general usage, they all do pretty much the same. they compute a checksum for a file, allow to compare checksums, and can tell whether 2 files are the same or not. The only difference is the algorithm used. To the best of my knowledge, sum and chksum use pretty general algorithms, while md5sum and sha1sum/sha256sum use cryptographically secure algorithms.
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LEARN ABOUT NETBSD
md5sum
MD5SUM(1) User Commands MD5SUM(1)
NAME
md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
SYNOPSIS
md5sum [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
Print or check MD5 (128-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-b, --binary
read in binary mode
-c, --check
read MD5 sums from the FILEs and check them
--tag create a BSD-style checksum
-t, --text
read in text mode (default)
The following five options are useful only when verifying checksums:
--ignore-missing
don't fail or report status for missing files
--quiet
don't print OK for each successfully verified file
--status
don't output anything, status code shows success
--strict
exit non-zero for improperly formatted checksum lines
-w, --warn
warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
The sums are computed as described in RFC 1321. When checking, the input should be a former output of this program. The default mode is
to print a line with checksum, a space, a character indicating input mode ('*' for binary, ' ' for text or where binary is insignificant),
and name for each FILE.
BUGS
Do not use the MD5 algorithm for security related purposes. Instead, use an SHA-2 algorithm, implemented in the programs sha224sum(1),
sha256sum(1), sha384sum(1), sha512sum(1), or the BLAKE2 algorithm, implemented in b2sum(1)
AUTHOR
Written by Ulrich Drepper, Scott Miller, and David Madore.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report md5sum translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/md5sum>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) md5sum invocation'
GNU coreutils 8.28 January 2018 MD5SUM(1)