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Operating Systems Solaris Query related to Inodes in Solaris Post 302362717 by saagar on Saturday 17th of October 2009 05:29:30 AM
Old 10-17-2009
Query related to Inodes in Solaris

Hi friends,
1.From the information I gathered, an inode is an object which has a number associated with it... and when a slice is partitioned, inodes with their numbers are created.
When a file is created, an inode number is assigned to it. This could be viewed through ls -i <dir/file> command. Each inode has 2 pointers, 1 pointer pointing to block containing properties of a file/dir and other pointer points to data blocks for the file.

2.Now, please clarify my doubts:

1.What is the basic size of an inode in Solaris ? (for eg, in linux its 128 bytes). So, if it is 128 bytes, does it mean that the size of a file can only be 128 bytes..?.
2.What is the need for increasing the number of bytes per inode by means of
newfs -i <raw device> command?

thank u.
 

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inode_vxfs(4)						     Kernel Interfaces Manual						     inode_vxfs(4)

NAME
inode_vxfs - format of a VxFS file system inode SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
A VxFS inode is typically 256 bytes in length, but an inode can also be 512 bytes. You specify the inode size with An inode entry has the following format: The mode and type of file. The number of links to the file. The inode owner. The inode group. The size in bytes of the file. Eight bytes are allocated. Time of last access, in format. Time of last modification, in format. Time of last inode change, in format. These flags control the allocation and extension of files: If set, the inode is invalid. Cleared when is run. If set, the file cannot be extended after the current reservation is exceeded. The reservation can be increased by the ioctl, but the file is not automatically extended. If set, the file cannot be extended after the current reservation is exceeded. This flag is typically set because an I/O error occurred while extending a file. Cleared on truncation or when setext is run. If set, the file must be allocated in extents of a fixed size and alignment. If an extent of i_fixextsize blocks aligned on an i_fixextsize boundary cannot be found, then the allocation fails. The alignment is relative to the beginning of the allocation unit. Mapping type. Indicates how to interpret the inode mapping area. Currently there are four supported mapping types: Mapping area is unused. is used for files that have no associated data storage. Because there is no need for either extents or immediate data, the mapping area is unused. Block and character special files, for example, use this organization type. Mapping area consists of an array of 32-bit extent block addresses and sizes. Mapping area itself is a data block. This mapping is referred to as Immediate Inode Data. Mapping area consists of typed-extent structures. Extended inode operation flag area. Extended inode operation data area. This field is a union. The contents are determined by file type. For devices, the following field is supported: The device number of a block or character special device. For directories, the following field is supported: The parent directory inode inumber if the inode is a directory. This replaces the standard ``..'' (dot dot) entry in the first directory block. VxFS does not have explicit ``.'' (dot ) and ``..'' (dot dot) entries. For regular files, the following fields are supported: The number of data blocks reserved for exclusive use by the file (preallocation). A preallocation can be requested using an ioctl. See vxfsio(7). Set when the inode has a fixed extent size. The default is to have a variable extent size allocation policy. A fixed extent size may be specified using ioctl. See vxfsio(7). For structural files, the following fields are supported: (Version 2 and later disk layouts only.) The inode number of the ``matching'' inode. For replicated files, this is the inode of the replica. For extent map reorganization files, this is the inode of the file being reorganized. (Version 2 and later disk layouts only.) The index of the fileset associated with the inode. The number of blocks allocated to the file, including the blocks allocated for indirect address extents. The generation number. A serial number which increments whenever the inode is freed and reallocated. This provides a ``handle'' for stateless servers such as NFS. The number of times the inode metadata is modified. This field is a 64-bit number. The mapping area. This field is a union based on the value of and the file system type. For the VxFS organization type, the following structure is used: The immediate inode data area, (currently 96) bytes in length (see Any directory or symbolic link which is less than or equal to 96 bytes in length is stored directly in the inode. For the VxFS organization type, the following structure is used: Indirect extent size. The size, in blocks, of the indirect data extents in the file. Array of indirect address extents. There are indirect address extents. The indirect address extents are 8192 bytes long. Each indirect address extent may contain up to 2048 extent addresses. The first indirect address extent is for single indirection. With single indirection, each entry in the indirect address extent indicates the starting block number of a data extent. The second indirect address extent is a double indirect address extent. With double indirection, each entry in the indirect address extent indicates the starting block number of a single indirect address extent. An array of structures containing the direct extent addresses and sizes. Up to direct extents are supported. Because there is a variable length extent allocation policy, each direct extent can have a different size. Each structure contains the following elements: Direct extent address. Direct extent size. (Version 2 and later disk layouts.) Indirect attribute inode. Identifies the inode in the attribute fileset that contains indirect attribute references. The remaining bytes of the inode are reserved for extended attribute records. Their format is: length The length of the attribute record. If this is not a multiple of 4 bytes, the start of the next attribute record is found by rounding the length up to a 4 byte boundary. format The format of the data layout of the remainder of the attribute record. Each attribute consists of a class identifying the attribute's administrative domain, a subclass identifying the attribute within the administra- tive domain, and data. The valid record formats are: Extends the immediate data area so that files larger than 96 bytes can be stored directly in the inode. The attribute is stored directly in the inode. The fields in the rest of this record are: class The class of the attribute. subclass The subclass of the attribute. data The attribute data. When attributes are too large to store directly in the inode, each attribute is stored in its own file. lists each attribute along with the inode number correspond- ing to the file in which the attribute is stored. The number of entries in the list is determined by the length of the record. The fields in each entry are: class The class of the attribute. subclass The subclass of the attribute. length The length of the attribute data. This allows attribute operations to check the length of an attribute without reading the attribute inode. inumber The inode number of the file containing the attribute data. The inode is part of the attribute fileset. The attribute records in the inode terminate with a record that has a format of zero (for compatibility with file systems that have the last 80 bytes of all inodes set to NULL). SEE ALSO
setext(1M), stat(2), fs_vxfs(4), vxfsio(7). inode_vxfs(4)
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