FSS(7)							   Device and Network Interfaces						    FSS(7)

NAME

       FSS - Fair share scheduler

DESCRIPTION

       The  fair  share  scheduler  (FSS) guarantees application performance by explicitly allocating shares of CPU resources to projects. A share
       indicates a project's entitlement to available CPU resources. Because shares are meaningful only in comparison with other project's shares,
       the absolute quantity of shares is not important. Any number that is in proportion with the desired CPU entitlement can be used.

       The  goals  of the FSS scheduler differ from the traditional time-sharing scheduling class (TS). In addition to scheduling individual LWPs,
       the FSS scheduler schedules projects against each other, making it impossible for any project to acquire more CPU cycles simply by  running
       more processes concurrently.

       A  project's  entitlement is individually calculated by FSS independently for each processor set if the project contains processes bound to
       them. If a project is running on more than one processor set, it can have different entitlements on every set. A project's  entitlement	is
       defined as a ratio between the number of shares given to a project and the sum of shares of all active projects running on the same proces-
       sor set. An active project is one that has at least one running or runnable process.  Entitlements  are	recomputed  whenever  any  project
       becomes active or inactive, or whenever the number of shares is changed.

       Processor sets represent virtual machines in the FSS scheduling class and processes are scheduled independently in each processor set. That
       is, processes compete with each other only if they are running on the same processor set. When a processor set is destroyed, all  processes
       that  were  bound to it are moved to the default processor set, which always exists. Empty processor sets (that is, sets without processors
       in them) have no impact on the FSS scheduler behavior.

       If a processor set contains a mix of TS/IA and FSS processes, the fairness of the FSS scheduling class can  be  compromised  because  these
       classes	use the same range of priorities. Fairness is most significantly affected if processes running in the TS scheduling class are CPU-
       intensive and are bound to processors within the processor set. As a result, you should avoid having processes from TS/IA and  FSS  classes
       share the same processor set. RT and FSS processes use disjoint priority ranges and therefore can share processor sets.

       As  projects execute, their CPU usage is accumulated over time. The FSS scheduler periodically decays CPU usages of every project by multi-
       plying it with a decay factor, ensuring that more recent CPU usage has greater weight when taken  into  account	for  scheduling.  The  FSS
       scheduler continually adjusts priorities of all processes to make each project's relative CPU usage converge with its entitlement.

       While FSS is designed to fairly allocate cycles over a long-term time period, it is possible that projects will not receive their allocated
       shares worth of CPU cycles due to uneven demand. This makes one-shot, instantaneous analysis of FSS performance data unreliable.

       Note that share is not the same as utilization. A project may be allocated 50% of the system, although on the average, it  uses	just  20%.
       Shares  serve to cap a project's CPU usage only when there is competition from other projects running on the same processor set. When there
       is no competition, utilization may be larger than entitlement based on shares. Allocating a small share to a busy project slows it down but
       does not prevent it from completing its work if the system is not saturated.

       The  configuration of CPU shares is managed by the name server as a property of the project(4) database. In the following example, an entry
       in the /etc/project file sets the number of shares for project x-files to 10:

	 x-files:100::::project.cpu-shares=(privileged,10,none)

       Projects with undefined number of shares are given one share each. This means  that  such  projects  are  treated  with	equal  importance.
       Projects with 0 shares only run when there are no projects with non-zero shares competing for the same processor set. The maximum number of
       shares that can be assigned to one project is 65535.

       You can use the prctl(1) command to determine the current share assignment for a given project:

	 $ prctl -n project.cpu-shares -i project x-files

       or to change the amount of shares if you have root privileges:

	 # prctl -r -n project.cpu-shares -v 5 -i project x-files

       See the prctl(1) man page for additional information on how to modify and examine  resource  controls  associated  with	active	processes,
       tasks,  or  projects on the system. See resource_controls(5) for a description of the resource controls supported in the current release of
       the Solaris operating system.

       By default, project system (project ID 0) includes all system daemons started by initialization scripts and has an  "unlimited"	amount	of
       shares. That is, it is always scheduled first no matter how many shares are given to other projects.

       The following command sets FSS as the default scheduler for the system:

	 # dispadmin -d FSS

       This change will take effect on the next reboot. Alternatively, you can move processes from the time-share scheduling class (as well as the
       special case of init) into the FSS class without changing your default scheduling class and rebooting by becoming root, and then using  the
       priocntl(1) command, as shown in the following example:

	 # priocntl -s -c FSS -i class TS
	 # priocntl -s -c FSS -i pid 1

CONFIGURING SCHEDULER WITH DISPADMIN

       You can use the dispadmin(1M) command to examine and tune the FSS scheduler's time quantum value. Time quantum is the amount of time that a
       thread is allowed to run before it must relinquish the processor. The following example dumps the current time quantum for the  fair  share
       scheduler:

	 $ dispadmin -g -c FSS
	      #
	      # Fair Share Scheduler Configuration
	      #
	      RES=1000
	      #
	      # Time Quantum
	      #
	      QUANTUM=110

       The  value of the QUANTUM represents some fraction of a second with the fractional value determied by the reciprocal value of RES. With the
       default value of RES = 1000, the reciprocal of 1000 is .001, or milliseconds. Thus, by default, the QUANTUM value represents the time quan-
       tum in milliseconds.

       If  you	change the RES value using dispadmin with the -r option, you also change the QUANTUM value. For example, instead of quantum of 110
       with RES of 1000, a quantum of 11 with a RES of 100 results. The fractional unit is different while the amount of time is the same.

       You can use the -s option to change the time quantum value. Note that such changes are not preserved across reboot.  Please  refer  to  the
       dispadmin(1M) man page for additional information.

ATTRIBUTES

       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       +-----------------------------------------------------------+
       |ATTRIBUTE TYPE		      ATTRIBUTE VALUE		   |
       |Architecture		      SUNWcsu			   |
       +-----------------------------------------------------------+

SEE ALSO

       prctl(1), priocntl(1), dispadmin(1M), psrset(1M), priocntl(2), project(4), attributes(5), resource_controls(5)

       System Administration Guide:  Virtualization Using the Solaris Operating System

SunOS 5.11							    1 Oct 2004								    FSS(7)